can we get gain in negative values? in some of the articles it is noted that gain should be atleast 2, it means is gain should be always above 2db? can anyone give reference how to study the results like gain, diversity, etc in hfss..
Hello. My point is that the gain of an antenna can be negative. Here is a non-academic and not very rigorous analogy.
The energy radiated from an antenna is like a ball.
(1) When the ball is filled with air and has uniform distribution in all directions, the "gain" of the ball is 0dBi. The "i" refers to isotropic radiation.
(2) When the ball is compressed in the vertical direction, it becomes flatter, and the direction where the ball is most protruding will be larger than in a uniform situation, for example, it may be "1dBi."
(3) When the air inside the ball is less, although the ball is compressed, the degree of protrusion becomes smaller, and it may become "0dBi" again in the direction with the maximum protrusion.
Therefore, gain is a comprehensive parameter of directionality and efficiency.
Of course, the above description may not be very rigorous. You can refer to some professional antenna books.
If I have made any mistakes, I would appreciate it if you could correct me.
The antenna acceptable gaind is not fixed, it is related to the requirements and applications where used.
Similarly radiation pattern.
For example, for implantable antenna acceptable gain may be negative. For RF energy harvesting the gain should be high.
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