Category of toxicology based on research methodology has four major sub- division. I wish to identify these divisions.
I had to teach the subject from a historical perspective, and I have used the following book that I found very useful:
- GUPTA, P. K. Fundamentals of Toxicology. Essential Concepts and Applications. London: Elsevier, 2016.
In this book, there is a chapter on "sub-disciplines" of toxicology that gives you this extended list:
"Forensic Toxicology: Forensic toxicology deals with medical and legal aspects of the harmful effects of the chemicals. Clinical Toxicology: Clinical toxicology refers to health problems caused by or associated with abnormal exposure to chemical substance. In other words, it deals with the cause, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management of health problems/diseases that are caused by or are associated with toxic substance(s). Nutritional Toxicology: The study of toxicological aspects of food/feed stuffs and nutritional products/habits. Reproductive Toxicology: The study of the occurrence of adverse effects on the male and female reproductive system due to exposure to chemicals or physical agents. Development Toxicology: The study of harmful effects of chemicals and drugs on the development of an organism; manifestations of development toxicity include structural malformations, growth restriction, functional impairment, and/or death of an organism. Veterinary Toxicology: This deals with the cause, diagnosis, and management of established poisonings in domestic and wild animals. Teratology: The study of malformations induced by toxic agents during development between conception and birth. Environmental Toxicology: This deals with the effects of pollutants on the environment (food, water, air, or soil) and their prevention. Its specialties could include ecotoxicology, aquatic toxicology, and others. Analytical Toxicology: The application of analytical chemistry tools in the qualitative and quantitative estimation of the agents involved in the process of toxicity. Aquatic Toxicology: This deals with the study of adverse effects of chemicals discharged into marine and fresh water on aquatic organisms and the aquatic ecosystem. It is largely a study of water pollution and its ecological effects. Ecotoxicology: A more specialized area of environmental pollution in populations and communities of living organisms. Ecotoxicology, in general, considers effects of pollutants on organisms other than humans. Food Toxicology: This deals with natural contaminants, food and feed additives, and toxic and chemo-protective effects of compounds in food. Formal Toxicology: This deals with the formal toxicological studies that are prerequisites for the release of new drugs/chemicals (eg, calculation of LD50 and minimum toxic dose). Genetic Toxicology: This deals with the study of the interaction of toxicants with the process of hereditary. Industrial Toxicology: This deals with the clinical study of industry workers and the environment around them. Occupational Toxicology: This deals with assessing the potential of adverse effects from chemicals in occupational environment and the recommendations of appropriate protective and precautionary measures. Regulatory Toxicology: This deals with administrative functions concerned with the development and interpretation of mandatory toxicology testing programs and controlling the use, distribution, and availability of chemicals used commercially and therapeutically. For example, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates drugs, cosmetics, and food additives Regulation: Regulation is the control, by statute, of the manufacture, transportation, sale, or disposal of chemicals deemed to be toxic after testing procedures or according to criteria put forth in applicable laws. Toxicodynamics: The study of biochemical and physiological effects of toxicants and their mechanism of action. Toxicokinetics: The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of toxicants in the body. Toxicovigilance: This deals with the process of identification, investigation, and evaluation of various toxic effects in the community with the aim of taking measures to reduce or control exposures involving the substances that produce these effects. Toxinology: This deals with assessing the toxicity of substances of plant and animal origins and those produced by pathogenic bacteria/organisms. Toxicoepidemiology: The study of quantitative analysis of toxicity incidences in organisms, factors affecting toxicity, and species involved, and the use of such knowledge for planning prevention and control strategies." (pp. 10-11).
I had to teach the subject from a historical perspective, and I have used the following book that I found very useful:
- GUPTA, P. K. Fundamentals of Toxicology. Essential Concepts and Applications. London: Elsevier, 2016.
In this book, there is a chapter on "sub-disciplines" of toxicology that gives you this extended list:
"Forensic Toxicology: Forensic toxicology deals with medical and legal aspects of the harmful effects of the chemicals. Clinical Toxicology: Clinical toxicology refers to health problems caused by or associated with abnormal exposure to chemical substance. In other words, it deals with the cause, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management of health problems/diseases that are caused by or are associated with toxic substance(s). Nutritional Toxicology: The study of toxicological aspects of food/feed stuffs and nutritional products/habits. Reproductive Toxicology: The study of the occurrence of adverse effects on the male and female reproductive system due to exposure to chemicals or physical agents. Development Toxicology: The study of harmful effects of chemicals and drugs on the development of an organism; manifestations of development toxicity include structural malformations, growth restriction, functional impairment, and/or death of an organism. Veterinary Toxicology: This deals with the cause, diagnosis, and management of established poisonings in domestic and wild animals. Teratology: The study of malformations induced by toxic agents during development between conception and birth. Environmental Toxicology: This deals with the effects of pollutants on the environment (food, water, air, or soil) and their prevention. Its specialties could include ecotoxicology, aquatic toxicology, and others. Analytical Toxicology: The application of analytical chemistry tools in the qualitative and quantitative estimation of the agents involved in the process of toxicity. Aquatic Toxicology: This deals with the study of adverse effects of chemicals discharged into marine and fresh water on aquatic organisms and the aquatic ecosystem. It is largely a study of water pollution and its ecological effects. Ecotoxicology: A more specialized area of environmental pollution in populations and communities of living organisms. Ecotoxicology, in general, considers effects of pollutants on organisms other than humans. Food Toxicology: This deals with natural contaminants, food and feed additives, and toxic and chemo-protective effects of compounds in food. Formal Toxicology: This deals with the formal toxicological studies that are prerequisites for the release of new drugs/chemicals (eg, calculation of LD50 and minimum toxic dose). Genetic Toxicology: This deals with the study of the interaction of toxicants with the process of hereditary. Industrial Toxicology: This deals with the clinical study of industry workers and the environment around them. Occupational Toxicology: This deals with assessing the potential of adverse effects from chemicals in occupational environment and the recommendations of appropriate protective and precautionary measures. Regulatory Toxicology: This deals with administrative functions concerned with the development and interpretation of mandatory toxicology testing programs and controlling the use, distribution, and availability of chemicals used commercially and therapeutically. For example, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates drugs, cosmetics, and food additives Regulation: Regulation is the control, by statute, of the manufacture, transportation, sale, or disposal of chemicals deemed to be toxic after testing procedures or according to criteria put forth in applicable laws. Toxicodynamics: The study of biochemical and physiological effects of toxicants and their mechanism of action. Toxicokinetics: The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of toxicants in the body. Toxicovigilance: This deals with the process of identification, investigation, and evaluation of various toxic effects in the community with the aim of taking measures to reduce or control exposures involving the substances that produce these effects. Toxinology: This deals with assessing the toxicity of substances of plant and animal origins and those produced by pathogenic bacteria/organisms. Toxicoepidemiology: The study of quantitative analysis of toxicity incidences in organisms, factors affecting toxicity, and species involved, and the use of such knowledge for planning prevention and control strategies." (pp. 10-11).
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