I want to update my background about isolation of bioactive components ways from plants sources.
So if you have any advice or something else, tell me please.
there are different extraction methods for different phytoconstituents like proteins, flavones, alkaloids, saccharides, lipids etc.
There are many resources available. If you can access the Journal of Natural Products, one can see how plants are extracted.
Here are some other references that may be useful:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3218439/
http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/32936/InTech-Phytochemicals_extraction_methods_basic_structures_and_mode_of_action_as_potential_chemotherapeutic_agents.pdf
If looking for a previously isolated compound, on can just follow the experimental listed in the paper that described the compound. If looking for a novel compound, one can use assay directed fractionation. I like to use a column screen to determine the best column and potential mobile phase to purify the active compounds. After the column screen, I can optimize both the extraction and chromatography based on the compound behavior on the different columns.
See:
http://www.isco.com/WebProductFiles/Applications/101/Poster_and_Paper_Reprints/New_Techniques_In_Extraction_Column_Screening.pdf
http://www.isco.com/WebProductFiles/Applications/101/Poster_and_Paper_Reprints/New_Techniques_in_Extract_Column_Screening_II.pdf
Some people like to do sequential extractions of their plant mass, starting with hexane or petroleum ether, followed by ethyl acetate, then dichloromethane, methanol, and water. This resolves the compounds somewhat by polarity, but the same active compound(s) may be in multiple extracts. My experience is that methanol or ethanol extraction is a good start, and one can optimize the extraction with the rest of the plant mass after the compound polarity is determined.
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