As we know, sunflower (Helianthus annus) is an oilseed crop and is not often practiced for heavy metal phytoremediation. Commonly, chines brake, pteris vittata are used as hyperaccumulators in countries like in china. In pakistan, which plant is best to be used as hyperaccumulator other than pteris vittata?
Dear Waqas Azeem,
May I have some restriction on using these oil seed crop in Bioremediation, as you know that accumulation of heavy metals will increased in oil or fats.
yes, its the possibility. But what, if our aim is not to collect oil, instead we want bioremediation by sunflower.. then?
Il existe différentes stratégies de réponse des plantes à l’absorption des métaux (Yang et al, 2008). On distingue quatre groupes de plantes en fonction de leurs teneurs en éléments traces métalliques rapportées à la teneur dans le sol (Fig. 2) : les plantes « excluantes » qui maintiennent une concentration faible et constante dans les parties aériennes jusqu’à une valeur critique, les plantes « indicatrices » qui régulent le prélèvement des métaux reflétant ainsi la concentration dans les sols, les plantes « accumulatrices » capables de concentrer les métaux dans leurs tissus et les plantes « hyperaccumulatrices » qui ont la capacité de tolérer des concentrations en métaux très élevées (par exemple : Thlaspi caerulescens dont les teneurs en Cd sont supérieures à 0,2% de matière sèche des feuilles) (Gérard et al, 2000).
Les différentes réponses des plantes à l’accroissement de la concentration des éléments traces métalliques dans le sol (Bourrelier et Berthelin 1998).
Dear Waqas,
I would like to stress that sunflower is not a hyperaccumulator of any metal. It is mistake which is commonly written in many papers. Hyperaccumulators of heavy metals are plant species naturally capable of growing on soils highly contaminated with heavy metals and accumulating high concentrations of metals particularly in shoots. For example Arabidopsis halleri (hyperaccumulator of Zn and Cd) or Noccaea caerulescens (formerly Thlaspi caerulescens, hyperaccumulator of Zn). Sunflower is not able to grow spontaneously on heavy metal contaminated soils and is not able to accumulate more metals in shoots than in roots in contrast to hyperaccumulators. The correct definition of hyperaccumulators of heavy metals you will find in the following references:
Baker AJM, McGrath SP, Reeves RD, Smith JAC. 2000. Metal hyperaccumulator plants: a review of the ecology and physiology of biological resource for phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils. In: Terry N, Bañuelos G (Eds.), Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and water. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, ss. 85-107. (See page 86).
Krämer U. 2010. Metal hyperaccumulation in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 61: 517-534. (see page 523)
If you will have problem to get the references write to me and I will try to help you.
Best regards
Eugeniusz Małkowski, PhD
Poland
thank you so much. But after your explained answer, I have become more confused. which way to follow and which scientist / paper to accept. whether sunflower as hyper accumulator..! school of thought.. or sunflower is not a hyper accumulator..! :-)
Literature is available on both...!
dear Waqas, Take a look on this paper, I think it will be useful for you : Phenotypic seedling responses of a metal-tolerant mutant line
of sunflower growing on a Cu-contaminated soil series:
potential uses for biomonitoring of Cu exposure
and phytoremediation (Kolbas et al. 2013)
Dear Wagas,
May I ask you do you found any sunflowers in contaminated soil.
yes I have see it on road side near a waste area, where most of the colony or town's waste is thrown out. Besides this, that place has now become marshy place due to long time standing rain water. But still sunflower are growing there.
YES, SUNFLOWER IS SEMI HYPERACCUMULATOR AND CAN SERVIVE IN moderately CONTAMINATED SOILS. THE SPECIFIC CROP GENOTYPES ARE PROVED BETTER FOR DIFFRENT HEAVY METALS UPTAKE AS INDIAN MUSTARD> MAIZE> DHANCHA FOR Cd, Hg, Pb and Ni. HYPERACCUMULATOR GENOTYPES ARE UNDER RESEARCH WHICH HAVE MORE CAPABILITY TO UPTAKE METALS. THASPHY IS BEST HYPER ACCUMULATOR IN EUROPE BUT HAVING LESS BIO MASS AND BRASSICA TAKEN IT PLACE AND ALSO ITS IS INDIAN CROPPING PATTEREN. CONTAMINATED BIOMASS MAY BE USED BY BRICJLIN AS SOURCES OF ENERGY IN OUR CONDITIONS AND IN PHYTOREMEDIATION WE CUT THE CROP AT MAX. VEGETAVE GROTH STAGE, NOT UP TO MATURITY, HOWEVER NO ANY REPORTS OF HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION IN MUSTARDS OILS.
Only the leguemes are very sentive to heavy metals can show response at 1-5 ppm level of heavy metal in soil solution.
May be the following reference useful for you: McCutcheon & Schnoor 2003, Phytoremediation. New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, page 898.
NO, ITS USED IN ONLY CD, NI, SE AND PB MODERATELY POLLUTED SOILS. NO GOOD RESPONSES IN HG CONTAMINATED SOILS WHERE AS BRASSICA JUNCEA HAVE POTENTIAL TO USE IN ANY KIND OF POLLUTED SOILS AND GIVE GOOD RESPONSES IN ASIAN LIGHT SOILS WITH SOME ORGANIC IMPLIMENTS TO LOWER DOWN PH OF SOILS AS FYM, VERMICOMPOST AND MICROBIAL POPULATIONS.
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