However, the toxicity not only because of drugs and chemicals, may be due to diet, bacteria, fungi but, the chemistry of toxic materials or compounds and the mechanisms of action, drug -drug interaction and antidote are related closely to pharmacy than medicine. Microbial toxicity related to Medical biology not to pharmacology.

Of course sir. Toxicity studies are the basic studies involved in clinical trials

Dear Dr. Ausama, as you said toxicology is more relevant to pharmacists since the basic definition of medical or clinical toxicology entailed that it concern with the studying of the harmful effects induced in humans by chemicals or drugs and since pharmacists are more knowledgeable about drugs and chemicals and their pharmacokinetics as well pharmacodyamics properties, so they will be more equipped to deal with their toxic effect.

Toxicology has always been categorized as a branch of pharmaceutical sciences (in both Medicine and Veterinary Medicine field), because it is dealing with the interaction of toxic substances (e.g. poisons, venom etc.) with cellular receptors (conventional receptors, transporters, ion channels etc.) in a molecular setting, so the characteristics of these "toxic substances" (i.e. tertiary structure if protein, components, in-vivo function, target receptor and so on) must be studied in chemical details, consequently "Pharmaceutical Sciences", among all the scientific disciplines and areas, because of their curriculum are the only branch which offer the possibility to study toxins. if you take a look at Scimago website you will see that "pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics" are classified as one subject area.

However, in the clinical setting toxins are also being studied in the branch called "forensic medicine" (again both Medicine and Veterinary Medicine) for "postmortem inspections" (autopsy in Medicine and necropsy in Veterinary Medicine) if there are toxicological signs or suspicions.

Pharmacology deal with drugs in therapeutic levels when undesirable effects are called side effects

Toxicology deal with toxic and lethal levels ...there are some similarities but the two sciences are different

Toxicology is branch of medicine and related to pharmacology

Dear Dr. Ausama, it seems to me that everything is very simple. Pharmaceutical science is a set of scientific and practical disciplines that study the problems of creating and researching drugs. It includes pharmacology - the biomedical science of medicinal substances and their effects on the organism, and pharmaceuticals - directly related to the production and technological problems of the manufacturing process of drugs and substances. Thus, toxicology, as part of pharmacology, is a biomedical science.

I agree with Dr. pereverzeva, but one important point that certain branches of toxicology like environmental and ecotoxicology seem to be restricted to pharmacy study at undergraduate level. on the other hand mechanistic toxicology to toxicology postgraduate students

I have been working in the field of ecotoxicology and also in clinical research where new pharmaceuticals are tested and pharmacokinetics determined. If unexpected adverse effects happen I am rather in the hands of a medical doctor than a pharmacist but on the other hand, I would rather take a drug that has been manufactured by a pharmacist! And what it comes to ecotoxicology I think that we all should speak to politicians, children, everybody to improve the current situation.

I think it is belong to both the pharmaceutical and medical sciences

Pharmaceutical related science

Doctors report a range of symptoms , and seek for different differential diagnosis but sometimes miss drug or occupational related toxicity and it is clinical pharmacist and toxological center to flow up these cases and report recurrent causes to be kept in mind , prepare a schedle of antidotes with suitable route of adminstration and doses..

this science related in a big part to pharmacist and clinical toxicology specialty. Physicians participates in diagnosis and their decision is based on toxicologist pharmacist.

Last time I checked physicians knew quite a bit about pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and physiology. May vary by country.

Training is not the issue. Which group is more likely to be "captured" by the polluting industry.

Definitely both.

Related to both: Because it also included the adverse effect of the drugs and drug toxicology, and studying of metabolism and detoxification mechanisms, the drug is not marketed unless a full toxicological ( included teratogenicity and carcinogenicity) studies are completed, from these points the toxicology is integrated with pharmacology. But it also included diagnosis, medical management, and the new branches of toxicology are also included ecotoxicology, epidemiotoxicology, environmental toxicology, from these points it considered as a medical category.

I agree with your idea,

I think related to both Pharmacist and doctor because Pharmacist known about adverse effects of drug while doctor known about sign and symptoms

I think that mainly for the pharmaceutical sciences, because in all branches of toxicology, there is a need for analysis of samples, whether biological, environmental or other.

Both of them.

Once again the important issue is which "profession" is more easily

"captured" by the polluting industry. In Australia at least it is clear.