I think you'll have to work with a manufacturer to get access to that kind of data. I am interested in your question about the phone camera. Driven mostly by SaO2, the usual technique is to sample a photodetector with uniform spectral sensitivity in the range of interest, and excite with narrow spectra sources, usually LEDs. Sampling rates should be in the 250-1K sps range. Unless you are thinking about simple pulse detection, I wouldn't think the phone CCD camera would meet either the spectral or the sample rate requirement.
In any case the existing databases I know about are probably poor in cardiac variations (arrythmias, failure etc.), and rich in artificial desaturation, reoxygenation cycles.
For SaO2, normally one LED is red, with wavelength of 660 nm, and the other is infrared, 940 nm. To measure bilirubin a blue LED, 460 nm or to measure carboxyhemoglobin, a 500 or 550 nm LED might be added.
The infrared measurement might be a problem - although at 50% sensitivity this still might be OK. Since there are isosbestic points at 586 nm and near 808 nm one might do with a 586 nm LED. Accurate control over wavelength is critical though.
For normal range heart rates, I'd suggest you could make a pretty good measurement, at 80-120 fps, up-sampling to accurately make peak measurements. You may even have an advantage, since rather than strobing, and interleaving LEDs at each frequency, you might run the LEDs simultaneously and identify frequency by placement of the LED in the CCD frame. Frame sampling jitter between frequencies would then be non-critical. Resolution could be enhanced by estimating intensity distribution across multiple pixels.