EFMs are bounded by the homogeneous constraints i.e. steady-state assumption (for internal metabolites) and sign restrictions of rates based on reversibility of reactions. If the metabolic yield of cell growth or other metabolites obtained from the EFMs do not match the experimental values, additional inhomogeneous constraints can be imposed to restrict flux bounds or provide absolute fluxes to certain reactions based on experimental findings. In this case, the bounded fluxes form EFVs.

Do these EFVs share the same properties as EFMs? Are there any particular drawbacks of using EFVs (instead of EFMs) in metabolic modelling?

If the metabolic yield of cell growth and other metabolites obtained from the EFMs do not match that of the experimental findings, does it mean that the metabolic network used is incorrect? Is there any workaround to fix this? I'm new to this area and appreciate any form of guidance. Thanks!

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