What are the nanomaterials or nanoparticles for fire retardant properties with low cost for thermoset resins like polyester and vinyl ester?
It depends on what you are looking for. If you want a material that has a slightly shifted thermogravimetric degradation curve, then most any type of nanoparticle will work. There are many reasons generally credited for this, such as quenching of generated free radicals for CNTs, and the formation of a barrier network for layered silicates, but this generally doesn't change the actual flammability of a material. For real flammability reductions, you usually need much higher concentrations of nanofiller, which generally requires a more involved processing technique, such as layer-by-layer deposition. This is a lot more involved of an approach, but it will give you real gains in flame retardance, as opposed to more kinetically-dominated and illusory improvements that look good on TGA, but don't give you real gains in performance (strictly my opinion, but based on some experience).
I was using layered silicate and clay from nanocor. Others I know: boehmite, CNT. Unfortunately I can't recommend any of them because I think fire retardant in polymers is not related to type of nanoparticles but on nanoparticles (ot microparticles) because polymerization reaction (nucleation) starts on particles. I thing better reacted components of polymer cause better non-inflammable of product.
It depends on what you are looking for. If you want a material that has a slightly shifted thermogravimetric degradation curve, then most any type of nanoparticle will work. There are many reasons generally credited for this, such as quenching of generated free radicals for CNTs, and the formation of a barrier network for layered silicates, but this generally doesn't change the actual flammability of a material. For real flammability reductions, you usually need much higher concentrations of nanofiller, which generally requires a more involved processing technique, such as layer-by-layer deposition. This is a lot more involved of an approach, but it will give you real gains in flame retardance, as opposed to more kinetically-dominated and illusory improvements that look good on TGA, but don't give you real gains in performance (strictly my opinion, but based on some experience).
Sir,
Thanks for your information. I want use the nanoparticles in polyester resin for the applications like where fire accidents will occur. How much percentage of clay loading is required for better fire resistant properties and which one is the good dispersion technique for nanoparticle into ployester. Also different grades of clay nanoparticles are avilable but which grade is better for polyester resin. I am eagerly waiting for your reply. thank you.
commercial suppliers of clay products including organoclays have usually a broad experience with applications related to various clay polymer composites.
Optimum nanofiller loading usually do not exceed several percent, but it depends on the nanoparticle type and size, quality of nanodispersion etc. In my opinion, the best option is to combine nanoparticles with conventional FR agent, synergistic effects are often observed, eg:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.687
http://www.polyfireproject.eu
Also, the type of nanoparticle modification plays a role, by improving compatibility with polyester or creating covalent bonds between nanofiller and UP. We have studied the effect of nanoclay modification on the oxygen index of polyester resin
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236875184_Unsaturated_polyestermontmorillonite_nanocomposites_prepared_by_in_situ_intercalative_copolyaddition
Article Unsaturated polyester/montmorillonite nanocomposites prepare...
When talking about nanomaterials for fire-retardancy properties, there is not such thing as low cost.
I believe that nanostructured films and nanoparticles containing NH2 and C=O groups should shift the curve towards the higher temperatures. There are many theoretical studies confirming that. My collegue recently investigate the organophosphorous nanostructured coatings for fire retardant properties, see below.
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/am504892q
We have studied the effect of Nanomer I.30E (and organomodified montmorillonite, Nanocor) and several Polihedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS, Hybrid Plastics) in the DGEBA-BSA system. Composites were prepared with three levels of nanofiller, 1, 3, and 5 wt%, the limiting oxygen index was improved.
Carbon nanotubes (an expensive nanofiller) is another option to improve the flame retardancy.
Another strategy is the combination of nanofiller and non-halogenated fire retardant is also posible (the synergistic effect was reported in the literature).
I hope it helps!
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