The famous de Witt-Wheeler equation, i.e. the reformulation of Einstein’s general theory of relativity in terms of electromagnetic equations, governs a timeless universe. Barbour cited this remarkable quote of Dirac (1963): “… This result has led me to doubt how fundamental the four-dimensional requirement in physics is …”. Indeed, all physical states are directly related to one another and time becomes redundant. However, there are two types of time flows. Firstly, there is the thermodynamic evolution from order to chaos, secondly time emerges as evolution to more complex organic forms of life from chaos to order.

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