Hello. I have a question regarding thermodynamic integration schemes based on a linear coupling parameter and subsequent integration over the potential energy gradient to determine free energies of binding or free energies of solvation.  I know that there are a bunch of papers that demonstrate the feasibility of this approach in unrestrained or unconstrained MD, where experimental values are matched with a good accuracy. However, if there are restraints or constraints applied in the system, the Hamiltonian of the system is affected and the free energy as well. Are there coupling schemes which adaptively can incorporate the restraint or constraint energies so that equilibrium free energies will be obtained ? Another issue is given by the fact that the fluctuations in the system are affected if constraints or restraints are applied. How is it possible to predict free energies based on thermodynamic integration if there are restraints or constraints are applied ? (I know that the alternative way would be umbrella sampling and subsequent weighted histogram analysis, but what if I would like to predict a binding free energy and I do not know the reaction coordinate and restrain the center of mass in the binding cavity ?). Is there a way to compensate the harmonic restraint energy so that my result will be as accurate as in an extensively long MD-run ? Thanks for any suggestions.  

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