The progress of science in the field of oenological yeasts led to the use of GMOs in the field of viticulture being considered by the IOV (International Organization of Vine and Wine) in 2015. This revision was framed within the International Agreement of the Cartagena Protocol on Biodiversity Security. In this Agreement, three branches were defined where recombinant DNA technology could be applied:
1. Plants
2. Yeast
3. Obtaining enzymes from genetically modified organisms It is worth mentioning that in 2003, both Canada and the United States of America accepted the use of these microorganisms, qualified them within the GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) category and today they can be acquired commercially.