COVID19 shows less affection of lung in children . this may be due to underdeveloped or decreased expression of ACEI in lungs of children taking in consideration that as age increase from 5 to 10 years , the prognosis of COVID19 increases.
Why most of the children’s COVID-19 cases were less severe than adults’ cases is puzzling. This may be related to both exposure and host factors. Children were usually well cared for at home and might have relatively less opportunities to expose themselves to pathogens and/or sick patients. Angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) was known as cell receptor for SARS-CoV. 2019-nCoV has some amino acid homology to SARS-CoV and may be able to use ACE2 as a receptor. Recent evidence indicates that ACE2 is also likely the cell receptor of 2019- nCoV. It is speculated that children were less sensitive to 2019-nCoV because the maturity and function (e.g., binding ability) of ACE2 in children may be lower than that in adults. Additionally, children often experience respiratory infections (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) in winter, and may have higher levels of antibody against virus than adults.
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2020/03/16/peds.2020-0702.full.pdf?referringSource=articleShare
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