I simulated the shield driven-tunnel by FLAC 2D, in which step of numerical model must be applying the traffic loads of ground surface (20 Kpa)? the traffic loads of ground surface change along day and night

@steps:

1. elastic initial equilibrium.

2. elastic-plastic initial equilibrium.

3. Simultaneous with excavation and pre-installation lining.

*in which step influence the traffic loads is real? (interaction with ground above tunnel)

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