Hi,
I took these pictures in a greenhouse near Sanandaj, Iran (5/17/2015), Seed germination on strawberry fruits, preharvest! Why did this happen?!
This symptom is called phyllody, and instead of germination, it is actually the development of somatic leaf tissue in the place of embryos. It can be caused by fluctuations in light, temperature, and nutrients available.
It is probably a something called phyllody. There is some association with this and phytoplasma infection, but some work has shown that it can happen in absence of phytoplasma. There also seems to be a cultivar x environment effect, with some varieties showing this trait more than others.
http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/35/3/391.4.abstract
http://www.actahort.org/books/567/567_137.htm
Dear Daniel William Hutchins,
Thank you for your attention, Yes we have cold nights during last month and this happened only on "Paros" cultivar.
Farhad please check one of my papers in Research Gate: Molecular characterization of a phytoplasma of the ash yellows group occurring in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) plants in Argentina. I agree with DW Hutchins. I also observed that some herbicides, especially glyphosate, may cause the same symptom.
Premature seed germination is known vivipary,and it is due endogenous hormones especially, abscIsic acid(A B A). It is highly likely, that growing condition of strawberry in your area might affected ABA levels, and hence premature germination.
Thank you Dear Muayed F.A.,
I agree with all of you and concluded that main factors in this area which caused this phyllody or vivipary could be severe fluctuations in temperature during fruit growth considering cultivar x environment effects and also maybe the use of glyphosate spray for weed control based on leaf symptoms I've seen in that greenhouse (pictures attached here). Thanks all of you again.
It is the first time I saw premature germination on strawberry fruits. Your photos are really nice. Perhaps you should survey the litterature on strawberry seed germination to identify the factors or conditions that could have inhibited the establishment of seed dormancy or supressed it in your case. Cold or some herbicides (fluridone for instance and others carotenoid synthesis inhibitors) could have such an effect.
Regards
Dear professor Jullien Marc,
Thank you for your nice advises. I think the cold nights and humidity of greenhouse had major effects on seed germination. Of course the probability of phytoplasma or herbicides will be inspected.
There would be interesting applications if you can use potted plants and replicate the germination by ttreating or chilling. You can eventually propagate new seedlings
Dear Sir the germination in fruits usually happens when the fruits are usually over ripe or the temperatures are high so under stress the seeds inside the fruits start to germinate. We have observed this phenomenon in Tomato.
Dear S. K. Dwivedi, Thank you for your reply but as you see in the picture the unripe fruits also show this trait, in fact there isn't any fully ripe seed to germinate and this is a physiological disorder called Sepaloidy or Phyllody that carpels come back to leaf shape. Based on my inspection the glyphosate spray for weed control caused this phyllody.
Regards
Hi Farad ! Some more questions. The green structures developed on the growing strawberry fruits look really as embryos. Can they develop further as seedlings ? Spontaneously in situ ? After being separated from the fruits ? In an other way, are they bud or embryo ?
Hi Dear Professor J. Marc ! I don't know. It must be examined whether they can grow or not. I'll perform it. Regards
This symptom is called phyllody, and instead of germination, it is actually the development of somatic leaf tissue in the place of embryos. It can be caused by fluctuations in light, temperature, and nutrients available.
To JR Chidiac and F Karami.
In front of your hypothesis (somatic leaf tissue development) I found something surprising which is this happened on a well developed fruit. Because it has been shown a long time ago (JP Nitsch) that the strawberry fruit growth was dependent on the auxins secreted by the young seed/embryo. A key would be to examine the kinetic of these events and for shoot and root ? apex in these growing green structures.
Regards
sorry for asking my question in this forum but any one of you with any information on characterization, differentiation and molecular marker analysis of blackberry germplasm esp. primocane fruiting types. thanks
Hi Jared Alfred Ochieng', I'm sorry. I haven't any information about blackberry. I hope that you found this link useful:
http://www.raspberryblackberry.com/local.cfm?doc=blackberryRandP/RPUsefulLinks.htm
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