Dear everone,
I have a simple question about the definition of doping concentrations.
For example, one presents his/her doping formula for a complex crystal as:
ABmCn:X. Then the author states that the doping concentration of X is 5 %.
My question is:
The percentage (5%) of the doping centration is relative to the number of atoms of the whole formula (ABmCn), or the element it replaced, such as the number m for atom B, assumed that the authors use atomic percentage ?
According to me, doping is divided into two terminology. one is the substitution, but it has some extend of limit. The limit factor is decided by the local environment must be in a range of host intrinsic character. And second is the voids filling.
Dear Harsh,
Thank you.But my question is about the definition of concentration.
I think the author has simply indicated the concentration in a non-unique way. One can imagine different ways what 5 % means... In such a context there is no clear definition, and even if there would be one, one cannot know, whether the autor really adopts this definition. Only solution is to ask the author.....
Indeed, ask the author, especially if you need the exact values for your own reseach.
I would interpret the X as 5% of the total amount of atoms in the layer, so atomic percentage.
Thank you all for your kind help.
Now, I understand better about such definitions used by different authors.
In a general accepted way the concentration x% refer to the ratio of mass of the entire system and the mass of the doping material. Another definition refers to the ratio of the number of atoms.
Dear All,
Thanks.
It seems clear that in the field, doping percentage means percentage of atomic numbers.
Agree with Chihaia: Generally % is by mass unless explicitly stated otherwise.
Thank you all for the discussions.
I am now working with experimentalists. According to them, doping percentage refers generally to weight percentage (wt.%) which is also true in industry.
Certainly in academia, most scientists used at. %.
Therefore, the two clear definitions (weight % and at. %) are used for people working in different fields.
Dear Dr. Changming Fang,
From my knowledge Doping means "VERY SMALL". So normally less than or equal to 5 wt% of adding impurities called dopants.
Thank You
Dear John,
Thanks.
I agree with you that doping represents additoion of foreign atoms in a small amount.
Meanwhile, the unit of the impurity concentration is still interesting here.
I hope that one can get a clear picture about it.
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