I guess you can use mind maps in any discipline. It is a great tool to collect first thoughts on an issue and to get students activated. It should be used at the introduction of an issue, you can use other means and methods afterwards.

I don't know about any specific research using both mind map and music education, however, even working with technology applied to music, is possible to figure out the use of mind map also in music composition or performance. I agree with Calus Tieber - some examples are in http://www.biggerplate.com/mindmaps/Qwtby5jb/chronology-of-rock-n-roll or https://www.mindomo.com/pt/mindmap/music-elements-845dc13835234d2ea60892bb928f2bad. But, one possibility I was thinking would be to use as an open musical score with only general music elements or high level performance issues to guide performers which are playing together (each node with a predefined time or sequence, etc...)

I agree on the views expressed by Claus Tieber. I have not seen any specific article on same. Unfolding raga in systematic way in Hindustani classical music is an application of mind map theory to music. In this performance, the performer first gives the glimpse of presentation and then presents it in more details.