It can be calculated by means of the standard distance measures, e.g. minimum Distance measure(MinD), maximum Distance measure(MaxD), mean Distance measure(MeanD), and signed distance measure(SgnD). they usually are measured in standard units if the images are calibrated. Each measurement has a specific evaluation point. they can be chosen due to the specific research work.
In this way, i can help you if you specify the images.
In image processing we have what is called as "modulation transfer function" MTF that gives a measure based on lines/mm . There are charts that are used (like the alphabets in the ophthalmology chart )