Zinc ions (Zn2+) exhibit antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains. The partial dissolution of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles releases Zn2+ ions in aqueous suspension that contributes to the antimicrobial activity of ZnO
Dear Huda Mahmood Al-attar many thanks for posting this very interesting technical question on RG. The antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) depends very much on the particle size. Antimicrobial activity is exhibited mainly by ZnO nanoparticles, whereas is is not pronounced when you have bulk ZnO material. For more information about this issue, please have a look at the following potentially useful review article:
Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Mechanism
Article Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity a...
Fortunately this review has been posted by the authors as public full text on RG so that you can freely download it as pdf file.
I hope this helps. Good luck with your work and best wishes, Frank Edelmann