For a cross-shaped patch antenna (like the one in your image), the equivalent circuit is typically modeled using RLC elements that represent the resonant behavior of the patch.
Basic equivalent circuit (simplified view):
Each arm of the cross behaves like a resonant slot or a microstrip resonator.
The equivalent circuit is often represented as a parallel RLC circuit: R = Radiation resistance (accounts for energy radiated into free space) L = Inductance (due to current path in the patch) C = Capacitance (due to the gap between patch and ground plane)
Since it’s a single-polarized antenna with one port, the model would be:
[Port] → [Parallel RLC] Where the RLC values are tuned to match the resonant frequency of your patch.
How to design it (step-by-step):
Define operating frequency (f₀).
Calculate effective dielectric constant (ε_eff) of substrate.
Estimate dimensions of the patch arms (length ≈ λ/4 or λ/2 at f₀).
Simulate in software (like HFSS, CST, or ADS Momentum) to extract R, L, C parameters.
Optimize dimensions to ensure resonance at desired frequency and good impedance matching (typically 50Ω).