Afterthought concerning: negative-time experiment supports Quantum Mechanics’ superficial probability and cosmology's holographic principle
The negative time experiment's results (https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.03680) highlight a peculiar quirk of quantum mechanics. A practical application would ensue if quantum mechanics (QM) is seen as only superficially probabilistic. This state could arrive if a deeper understanding of QM reveals that the most fundamental composition of photons, electrons, and atoms is related to John Wheeler's bits - in the sense of their being composed of binary digits. Borrowing from electronics - the binary digits are produced by one dimensional (1D) electric pulses, which opens the door on the possibility of all fermions and bosons possessing Electric Dipole Moments whose total or partial cancellation results in neutrality or fractional charge. The pulses/bits would be a version of hidden variables - not a version restricted to one locality but one compatible with QM. The binary digits could give exact and precise calculations.
This information could be used to encode 2D Mobius strips which would be the next level up in particles' structure. Cosmology's holographic principle suggests the 3rd dimension results from information in the 2nd dimension. The 2nd D might be the Mobius strips comprising particles and the 3rd D might be capable of deletion by binary digits which act as hidden variables giving precise calculations. Then, when subatomic particles appear to be in two places at once, they'd actually obey common sense because they'd only be in one place because the 3rd D of space between them would be eliminated (since we live in space-time, the time taken to travel the distance between particles is also eliminated). Elimination of time is zero time but becomes less than zero, and the same thing as negative time, when distance is deleted between present and past periods of time (see two paragraphs below). As the research points out, Einstein's theory of special relativity is not violated. Any detector will still say the particles are in two places simultaneously because time dilation will result in the position of the moving - or simply vibrating at significant fractions of c - particles registering as separated.
The 3rd D might be formed from information in two Mobius strips (aka Mobius Singlets) combining to produce a figure-8 Klein bottle aka a Mobius Doublet. Trillions of Klein figures assemble into a graviton. General Relativity says gravity is curvature of space-time. So when the space between particles is deleted, gravity is also deleted. Since imaginary numbers are vital to QM, the 4th D of time may be representable by the so-called "mathematical convenience" of the Complex Plane's Wick rotation existing as a subroutine within Mobius Doublets (its physical reality would be expressed by the electric dipole moment manifesting as pulses of electricity). Thus, elimination of the 3rd dimension simultaneously means deletion of figure-8 Klein bottles and - as the previous paragraph put it - "the time taken to travel the distance between particles is also eliminated".
The connection discussed here between quantum mechanics and cosmology's holographic principle suggests the microscopic is linked to the macroscopic. Besides quantum entanglement, macro-entanglement seems to exist and eradicate distance between galaxies or periods of time when the holographic principle is combined with the precision of unrecognized quantum certainty.
The paragraphs above certainly tie the negative time experiment to new avenues for exploring quantum phenomena. What do the paragraphs imply about mass? Does the idea of mass coming from the Higgs field invalidate them? The paragraphs propose that Einstein was on the correct path when he published the 1919 paper "Do gravitational fields play an essential role in the structure of elementary particles?" According to Einstein and this article, mass would be created by the pressure, and electromagnetism, of interacting photons and gravitons (by, respectively, collections of trillions of Mobius strips and trillions of figure-8 Klein bottles). If Einstein and this article are correct about graviton-photon interaction being responsible for the generation of mass, the retarded and advanced waves associated with both gravitation and electromagnetism would produce mass (though they violate the everyday concept of purely linear time, advanced waves have apparently been detected and may result from space-time warping that extends the idea of curved space-time to a circular pattern). Therefore, the masslessness of gluons might be produced by retarded and advanced waves cancelling. They neutralize each other, producing a stable mass of zero and relating gluons to the Higgs boson whose zero quantity is its quantum spin. Regarding spin, here are a few examples based on the photon's quantum spin of 1 plus the graviton's spin 2 -
a) Photon divided by graviton = spin 1/2 of all matter particles,
b) Graviton divided by photon = spin 2/1 which may be responsible for the intense gravity of black holes,
c) Using time reversal in case of graviton: 1+2-2 = spin of nuclear-force bosons. It also equals photon spin - establishing a link between gravitation’s spin 2, electromagnetism, and the nuclear forces,
d) the Higgs boson’s spin zero can be arrived at through (1-2)+1 which uses the experimental interpretation of a photon existing in two places simultaneously (it uses the graviton’s spin 2 being taken away from the photon’s spin 1, and the spin motion of 1 being in more than one place at the same time).
Elimination of distance and time by deletion of the 3rd D means the Mobius Doublets comprising the 3rd D aren't able to interact with photons anymore. There can be no further production of mass.