To form the PAni-TiO2 nanocomposite, we directly added the TiO2 powder during the polymerization process to the polyaniline solution. Does this mechanism refer to a chemical or physical process? How accurate is it?
During the mixing, feasible chemical interactions take place. So, it is definitely a chemical process, and as the stirring and polymerization are physical techniques upto a mark, there is no option except calling it a physiochemical process. In fact, most synthetic techniques are like that except non-reactive physical depositions.
If I understood you correctly you would like to know what proceeds upon addition of TiO2 powder in the aniline polymerization mixture. I agree that it is complicated physical--chemical system. This system is strongly tied with the chemistry of aniline polymerization process. Once you added TiO2 powder the adsorption of all other components of the polymerization mixture (including the products of the polymerization) proceeds on the surface of the TiO2 particles. This physical-chemical stage is accompanied with the further development of different chemical stages of the aniline polymerization and growth of the charged polyaniline macromolecules etc. You can see also the more detailed discussion of these processes in some of our publications summerized recently in the short review and in the paper devoted directly to the aniline polymerization in the presence of TiO2:
Article On the importance of interface interactions in core-shell na...
Article The Influence of the Dispersed Nanoparticles on Kinetics of ...