Why the spectrum of virtual photons, which are exchanged between the energetic electron and the target nucleus, can always involve higher multipoles? For example, virtual photons have more E2 photons, while real photons(bremsstrahlung) have mainly E1 photons?
When the concept of fields was put under intense scientific pressure then the idea of exchange particles also known as bosons became popular. More recently in the field of electromagnetics these are called virtual photons.
At the moment they are an unproven, theoretical concept used purely to help explain the transfer of electromagnetic force.
As they are at the concept level rather than a proven entity, they can be given any properties that fit the current needs
Virtual photons don't have well-defined energy, so the question doesn't make sense. Energy spectra are relevant for real, not virtual, particles.
So the energy spectrum of the electron, as it interacts with a nucleus in a scattering experiment, is a meaningful quantity; the energy spectrum of the exchanged photons is not.
Real particles are described by a well-defined relation between energy and momentum; virtual particles aren't.
How to describe the effects of photons, whether real or virtual, in a consistent way, is known for decades-it's a part of quantum field theory known as the Standard Model-and experiments in cavity electrodynamics, to cite but one example, are now routine.
It would be useful to actually study the subject, namely quantum field theory, before making statements that are easily shown to be wrong.
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