Do Fourier transform of your received signal. You will obtain the amplitude strength of each frequency component automatically.

Are you looking for the propagation transfer function between the acoustic source and the acoustic receiver?

That transfer function is often called the "propagation loss" or "transmission loss". It depends on the the kind of acoustic source you are dealing with, such as a point source or a plane-wave source for instance. And it depends on the medium through which the sound is propagating, such as through homogeneous air or other fluid like water, or perhaps through layered media in earth sciences (the ocean in oceanography).  And it generally depends on the frequency as well, as you say.

If it is the propagation transfer function that you want, then you must describe your propagation scenario in more detail, including a description of the source, the propagation medium, and source-receiver separation distances that are of interest.

Ronald