Dear, Dr./Prof. Rk Naresh

I am Singh R.P. i have attached some passible reasons below:

Solar energy input is greater near the equator compared to near the poles due to several key factors:

Regarding the part of Earth that receives the most solar radiation in a year, it is typically the equatorial region, specifically the area around the equator known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The ITCZ is a region of the Earth where trade winds from both hemispheres converge. This convergence leads to rising warm, moist air, which creates ideal conditions for cloud formation and frequent thunderstorms. These conditions result in a high level of solar radiation throughout the year.

The ITCZ migrates slightly northward and southward with the changing seasons, following the position of the sun. As a result, areas near the equator experience consistently high solar radiation levels year-round, making them prime locations for solar energy generation. Countries and regions near the equator, such as parts of Africa, Central America, and Southeast Asia, receive some of the highest annual solar radiation totals and are ideal for solar power generation.

Dr Rahul Prasad Singh thank you for your contribution to the discussion

https://socratic.org/questions/what-is-insolation

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insolation

Yes, at the poles, the ice, snow and cloud cover create a much higher albedo, and the poles reflect more and absorb less solar energy than the lower latitudes. Through all of these mechanisms, the poles absorb much less solar radiation than equatorial regions, which is why the poles are cold and the tropics are very warm. Because Earth is a sphere, not all part of the Earth receives the same amount of solar radiation. More solar radiation is received and absorbed near the equator than at the poles. Near the equator, the Sun's rays strike the Earth most directly, while at the poles the rays strike at a steep angle.Areas around the equator absorbed about 200 watts per square meter more on average (orange and red) than they reflected or radiated. Areas near the poles reflected and/or radiated about 200 more watts per square meter (green and blue) than they absorbed. Mid-latitudes were roughly in balance. The largest input of solar energy strikes the Earth at the equator. This is where the rays coming from the Sun strike at the least angle of incidence at 0 degrees. At latitudes near the equator ( 0 ° 0\degree 0° ), the Earth's surface is almost directly perpendicular to the angle of the sun's rays. In these regions, solar radiation is intense because the sun's energy is concentrated over a small surface area. The equator receives the most solar radiation in a year. The difference in the amount of solar energy the land receives causes the atmosphere to move the way it does. The Equator, at 0° latitude, receives a maximum intensity of the sun's rays all year. As a result, areas near Earth's Equator experience relatively constant sunlight and little solstice variation. More solar radiation is received and absorbed near the equator than at the poles. Near the equator, the Sun's rays strike the Earth most directly, while at the poles the rays strike at a steep angle. The equator receives the most direct and concentrated amount of sunlight. So the amount of direct sunlight decreases as you travel north or south from the equator. Because the Earth is a sphere, the surface gets much more intense sunlight (heat) at the equator than at the poles. During the equinox (the time of year when the amount of daylight and nighttime are approximately equal), the Sun passes directly overhead at noon on the equator. Venus is always hotter, even at night. As the innermost planet in the Solar System, Mercury receives the most radiation from the Sun: almost four times as much as Venus receives. At its hottest, Mercury reaches daytime temperatures of ~800 °F, while at night, it plunges to more than 100 degrees below zero.

Well over the equator and inside Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn solar irradiance is maximum because of the higher insolation per square meter, in the polar region, because of the large slant, radiation per square meter or irradiance is minimum!

Dr Naim Alamgir thank you for your contribution to the discussion

The equator receives the most solar radiation in a year. The difference in the amount of solar energy the land receives causes the atmosphere to move the way it does. The Equator, at 0° latitude, receives a maximum intensity of the sun's rays all year. As a result, areas near Earth's Equator experience relatively constant sunlight and little solstice variation. More solar radiation is received and absorbed near the equator than at the poles. Near the equator, the Sun's rays strike the Earth most directly, while at the poles the rays strike at a steep angle. Because the Earth is a sphere, the surface gets much more intense sunlight (heat) at the equator than at the poles. During the equinox (the time of year when the amount of daylight and nighttime are approximately equal), the Sun passes directly overhead at noon on the equator. Venus is always hotter, even at night. As the innermost planet in the Solar System, Mercury receives the most radiation from the Sun: almost four times as much as Venus receives. At its hottest, Mercury reaches daytime temperatures of ~800 °F, while at night; it plunges to more than 100 degrees below zero. The Earth's shape is spherical. This causes the Sun's rays to strike the Earth's surface at different angles, creating variances in temperatures on Earth. The equator receives the most direct sunlight because sunlight arrives at a perpendicular (90 degrees) angle to the Earth. When the sun's rays strike Earth's surface near the equator, the incoming solar radiation is more direct (nearly perpendicular or closer to a 90˚ angle). Therefore, the solar radiation is concentrated over a smaller surface area, causing warmer temperatures. Different parts of Earth's surface receive different amounts of sunlight. The Sun's rays strike Earth's surface most directly at the equator. This focuses the rays on a small area. Near the poles, the Sun's rays strike the surface at a slant. Because Earth is a sphere, not all part of the Earth receives the same amount of solar radiation. More solar radiation is received and absorbed near the equator than at the poles. Near the equator, the Sun's rays strike the Earth most directly, while at the poles the rays strike at a steep angle.At the poles, the ice, snow and cloud cover create a much higher albedo, and the poles reflect more and absorb less solar energy than the lower latitudes. Through all of these mechanisms, the poles absorb much less solar radiation than equatorial regions, which is why the poles are cold and the tropics are very warm. These factors are latitude, cloud cover, aerosols, elevation and shading. Not surprisingly, the site with the highest solar energy potential on Earth happens to be near the equator, surrounded by an arid climate away from major sources of pollution, and it also happens to be on a plateau.