There is high permeability in volcanic geological conditions and surface discharge far away less than underground. The hydrological process in volcanic areas is special characteristics. So I'd like to know a list of reasons why there is less research here than in non-volcanic areas.
One of the reasons for my initial suspicion is the lack of runoff observation conditions.
When I was working in Oregon, I learned that the Deschutes River was a watershed of substantial volcanic materials as pumice. It is gauged by the USGS and it’s flow character would possibly described as substantially even through the year, with no flashy effects responses typical of most other areas, and relatively high baseflow. There may be other USGS sites that gauge flow in volcanic geology types. I do not know of reasons that volcanics are less studied, but perhaps it has something to do with amount of landscape or as the Toutle River affected so severely by Mt. Saint Helens eruption, the log debris dams and fresh volcanic deposits would make research hazardous due to channel adjustments.
Thanks for your answers. It's true that the new volcanic deposits have changed the river bed and made the river more difficult to observe, I once encountered this problem when I observed the headstream near Mount Fuji in Japan. Can you give me a few links about USGS's research in this area?
There is some research available on the hydrology of the volcanic areas of Iceland. The first that comes to mind are:
Article A runoff map based on numerically simulated precipitation an...
and
https://timarit.is/gegnir/000520481
There are also some hydrometric data available from rivers in the volcanic areas. See further: https://en.vedur.is/hydrology/stations/
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