Polar latitudinal zones are colder than equatorial latitudinal zones due to a combination of factors, including:

• The angle of sunlight: The Earth is tilted on its axis, which means that the sun's rays hit different parts of the planet at different angles. At the equator, the sun's rays are direct and concentrated, so they heat the Earth's surface more effectively. At the poles, the sun's rays are spread out over a larger area, so they heat the Earth's surface less effectively.
• The amount of sunlight: The polar regions receive less sunlight than the equatorial regions because the sun never rises very high above the horizon at the poles. This means that the poles have shorter days and longer nights, which gives the Earth's surface less time to warm up during the day.
• The albedo of the Earth's surface: The albedo is a measure of how reflective a surface is. Snow and ice have a high albedo, which means that they reflect a lot of sunlight back into space. This means that the polar regions, which are covered in snow and ice for much of the year, reflect a lot of sunlight away from the Earth's surface, which further contributes to their cold temperatures.

In addition to these factors, the polar regions also experience a phenomenon called polar night, which is when the sun does not rise above the horizon for an extended period of time. This can last for several months in some parts of the Arctic and Antarctic, and it can have a significant impact on the temperature of the polar regions.

Dr Murtadha Shukur thank you for your contribution to the discussion

The temperature of the Polar Regions is significantly colder than the equatorial regions because the sun's rays are not directly at the poles. Thus poles receive the slanted rays of the sun. The equator is a crucial imaginary line that separates the north and south hemispheres, and therefore it gets direct sunlight. Due to the spherical shape of the Earth, sunlight falls on different parts at different angles. Direct and focused sun rays falls on the equator and hence, the regions here are hotter and warmer. The Polar Regions receive diffused sun rays, which is why the areas there are colder.Because the Earth is a sphere, the surface gets much more intense sunlight (heat) at the equator than at the poles. During the equinox (the time of year when the amount of daylight and nighttime are approximately equal), the Sun passes directly overhead at noon on the equator. Both the Arctic (North Pole) and the Antarctic (South Pole) are very cold because they get very little direct sunlight. The Sun is always low on the horizon, even in the middle of summer. In winter, the Sun is so far below the horizon that it doesn't come up at all for months at a time. Due to its inclination, however, the northern hemisphere faces toward the sun during the northern summer and receives more sunlight, but in the northern winter it is tilted away from the sun and thus receives less radiation. However, since the polar regions are the farthest from the equator, they receive the weakest solar radiation and are therefore generally frigid year round due to the earth's axial tilt of 23.5° not being enough to create a high maximum midday declination to sufficiently compensate the Sun's rays for the high latitude. Direct and focused sun rays falls on the equator and hence, the regions here are hotter and warmer. The Polar Regions receive diffused sun rays, which is why the areas there are colder. The temperature of the Polar Regions is significantly colder than the equatorial regions because the sun's rays are not directly at the poles. Thus poles receive the slanted rays of the sun. The equator is a crucial imaginary line that separates the north and south hemispheres, and therefore it gets direct sunlight.