The isotherms needs qe from different ce, in that case for both pseudo 1st and pseudo 2nd order there should be separate Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. If in case of isotherm the research papers are using some experimental qe and ce then what is the need of the kinetics and isotherm plot?
In kinetics modeling (such as PFO or PSO), the theoretical values of Qe (theo.) and ki are determined through nonlinear regression analysis and then compared with experimental data. Typically, it's standard procedure to first measure equilibrium time before delving into concentration dependence or isotherm studies. However, some authors have mistakenly considered experimental values as Qe (theo.), which is incorrect. For further insights, you can refer to the following articles:
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