Why is TEM such an important experimental tool for materials scientists and nanotechnologists?
If you want to see a picture of your grains, TEM is useful. Like taking a photograph of yourself. You aim to synthesize a cubic structure, but sometimes you get rod like products according to the reaction conditions. It is an imaging prob , supporting your aim that you targeted to have.
Please consult the Wikipedia entry on TEM. Very briefly,
"TEMs are capable of imaging at a significantly higher resolution than light microscopes, owing to the small de Broglie wavelength of electrons. This enables the instrument's user to examine fine detail—even as small as a single column of atoms, which is thousands of times smaller than the smallest resolvable object in a light microscope."
In the light of the above, I should certainly mention the so-called Super-resolved Fluorescence Microscopy, for which Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner were awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (please consul the attached text, published by The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2014/advanced-chemistryprize2014.pdf
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