60-80 %

Shujaat Khan

The higher percentage of malignant tumors in minor salivary glands compared to major salivary glands is due to several anatomical, histological, and biological factors:

• Scattered Distribution: Minor salivary glands are dispersed throughout the mucosa of the oral cavity, including the lips, palate, floor of the mouth, and oropharynx. This widespread distribution exposes them to a variety of microenvironments and potential carcinogens.
• Small Size and Number: There are numerous minor salivary glands, but each is relatively small, making them less likely to be clinically noticeable until a tumor grows larger and potentially more aggressive.
• Cellular Composition: Minor salivary glands have a more diverse cellular composition, including mucous, serous, and mixed cells. This cellular heterogeneity can contribute to a higher propensity for malignant transformation.
• Lack of Protective Tissue: Minor salivary glands are embedded in the mucosal tissue with less surrounding protective stroma compared to major salivary glands. This might make them more susceptible to environmental insults and mutations.
• Tumor Behavior: Tumors in minor salivary glands often present at a more advanced stage due to their asymptomatic nature in early stages, making them appear more aggressive when diagnosed.

Comparative Incidence

• Major Salivary Glands: The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are major salivary glands with more homogenous and structured tissue, which might offer some resistance to malignant transformations. Most tumors in these glands are benign, especially in the parotid gland.
• Minor Salivary Glands: In contrast, the dispersed and varied nature of minor salivary glands leads to a higher incidence of malignant tumors.