Most of the universities like to buy Tandem accelerators for R and D work . I wish there are some R&D to build new type of accelerators, such as induction accelerator, plasma and laser base accelerators, heat wave or RF accelerators, and many other kinds, in parallel of using Tandem accelerators based R & D .Traditionally, Tandem accelerator has limitation of charging current. So people are satisfied with a low current beam. I am wonder why industries are not coming out to produce induction type accelerators. These are already well established technologies. Any thoughts?
As far as I know induction accelerators have some disadvantages. Linear induction accelerators operate in impulse regime with pulses of short duration (~10-9 – 10-6 s) and so it is necessary to change rapidly the magnetic field to get high electromotive force. Betatrons are used to accelerate electrons to 20-50 MeV. At energies higher than 100 MeV electrons loose too much energy in electromagnetic radiation. Because of this betatrons are not used at these energies.
This is the correction to line #3. It should be: duration (~10^(-9) - 10^(-6) s)
I would advise a first reading on particle accelerators (even in Wikipedia). As a small correction to the question asked, the charging current has nothing to do with the beam current. The charging current in an electrostatic accelerator ( whether single stage or Tandem) controls the accelerating Voltage (which is limited by electrical breakdown, if V/h exceeds a critical electric field value) while the beam current depends on the ionization sources plus the characteristics of the accelerators. I do not believe i have heard of "induction accelerators". The only way to accelerate charged particles, increasing their kinetic energy, is an electric field, while this is DC (as in a Tandem) or AC ( as in cyclotrons etc, including the LHC at CERN, or in a LINAC). Accelerators of the second type deliver pulsed beams.
First of all thank you all to read my question.
Dr. C.A. Kalfas: I see that you have limitation of knowledge on the field. We did work on induction accelerator since 2009 to 2012 at LBNL- USA. In Japan, there are some induction accelerators (see Prof. Ken Takayama edited book from KEK), earlier there were works at LLNL on ATK induction. There are on going work at LANL DARHT cell.
Prof. Uryson: Good to hear from you. Yes, it is pulsed. Indeed NDCX-II is for a beam of nano to microsecond pulse. The transport magnet is tuned depending on the beam energy and element. So if we change the energy , or element of the beam we need to adjust the transport magnet parameters. Once tuned, all are given as other cases.
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