High TDS water produced health hazards to human, especially digestive track, Skelton System and Excretory System. So high TDS water produces so many complications in human body.
1. Health Concerns:
High total dissolved solids (TDS) levels in drinking water indicate the presence of a wide range of inorganic salts (such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorides, sulfates, and bicarbonates) and small amounts of organic matter. While low levels of these minerals are essential for health, excessive concentrations may lead to adverse health effects.
For instance:
- Elevated sodium can contribute to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
- High sulfate levels may cause laxative effects, especially in children and unaccustomed individuals.
- Excessive fluoride and nitrates may lead to fluorosis and methemoglobinemia ("blue baby syndrome"), respectively.
2. Aesthetic Issues: Water with high TDS often has an unpleasant taste (salty, bitter, or metallic), making it less palatable. It may also cause staining on utensils, scaling in plumbing, and a cloudy appearance, which reduces consumer acceptance.
3. Technical Impacts: High TDS can cause:
- Scaling in pipelines and water heaters, reducing the efficiency of appliances.
- Interference with the performance of water purification devices like RO membranes.
4. Guidelines and Standards: According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2022) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS IS 10500:2012, revised 2018):
- The acceptable limit for TDS in drinking water is 500 mg/L.
Recent Citation:
WHO (2022). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 4th edition with 1st addendum. Geneva: World Health Organization. BIS (2018). IS 10500:2012 Drinking Water Specification (Second Revision), Bureau of Indian Standards.
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