Studies from Indian coastal and estuarine waters show that heterotrophic dinoflagellates are negatively correlated with oxygen/ dominant in hypoxic water.
Ref 1
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10661-017-6335-2.pdf
Ref 2
Wenlu Lana., Bangqin Huang., Minhan Dai., Xiuren Ning., Lingfeng Huang., Huasheng Hong. (2009). Dynamics of hetrotrophic dinoflagellates of the Pearl River Estuary. Northern South China Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 85, 422–430.
Please answer this question.
Low dissolved oxygen is more often the result of autotrophic algal bloom in response to eutrophication. Aerobic degradation of cellulose/lignin and other biomolecules strip off oxygen. Many or most heterotrophic dinoflagellates or picoeukaryotes feed on the diverse array of bacterial blooms which are associated with algal degradation and decomposition as well as hypoxic conditions, hence it could simply be a cue for the dinoflagellates to know that their is bacterial feed present and so they congregate at such specific locations. The question might simply be the case of inverted observation and the hypoxic condition may not be conducive to the heterotrophic dinoflagellates but their presence could mean ongoing decomposition of the autotrophic species biomass that had started to sponge up the dissolved oxygen.
Low dissolved oxygen is more often the result of autotrophic algal bloom in response to eutrophication. Aerobic degradation of cellulose/lignin and other biomolecules strip off oxygen. Many or most heterotrophic dinoflagellates or picoeukaryotes feed on the diverse array of bacterial blooms which are associated with algal degradation and decomposition as well as hypoxic conditions, hence it could simply be a cue for the dinoflagellates to know that their is bacterial feed present and so they congregate at such specific locations. The question might simply be the case of inverted observation and the hypoxic condition may not be conducive to the heterotrophic dinoflagellates but their presence could mean ongoing decomposition of the autotrophic species biomass that had started to sponge up the dissolved oxygen.
Thanks for your valuable answer. could you provide me the reference articles for the above said statement.
Dear Dr. Sai Elangovan Subramanian
The following are some of the papers dealing with what you are looking for:
Environmental Barcoding Reveals Massive Dinoflagellate Diversity in Marine Environments
Phylogenetic composition and distribution of picoeukaryotes in the hypoxic northwestern coast of the Gulf of Mexico
Suffocating Phytoplankton, Suffocating Waters—Red Tides and Anoxia
Heterotrophic dinoflagellates: A significant component of microzooplankton biomass and major grazers of diatoms in the sea
Diversity and distribution of heterotrophic dinoflagellates from the coastal waters of Port Blair, South Andaman.
With regards,
Dr. Abhishek Mukherjee
Dear Dr Abhishek Mukherjee
Thank you for sharing the articles.
Heterotrophic dinoflagellates are dominant in hypoxic waters probably because of surplus availability of dissolved organic matter
BOD is high due to waste materials which favors the growth of dinoflagellates
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