I have calcined the egshell at 1000 degree for four hr to produce CaO particles. With these particles I set transesterification reaction at 1:9 alcohol to oil molar ratio, 1.5 wt.% cao, 90 minuts, 400 rpm at 60 degree temp. After completing reaction I observed that glycerol is not seperating. Could someone please help me , what procedure should i follow to produce the biodiesel with eggshell cao catalyst.
i suggest you to read these articles:
Article Modification of egg shell and its application in biodiesel production
Article Application of waste eggshell as low-cost solid catalyst for...
Article Data on CaO and Eggshell Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production
Article Biodiesel production via waste eggshell as a low-cost hetero...
Article Relevance of the Physicochemical Properties of Calcined Quai...
For biodiesel synthesis more quantity of alcohol is required, say 9:1 alcohol to oil molar ratio. Several reports are available
Biodiesel production via waste eggshell as a low-cost heterogeneous catalyst: Its effects on some critical fuel properties and comparison with CaO - ScienceDirect
Dear Ameer,
You need to do XRD analysis of the calcined egg shell CaO, and check if CaO is formed or not.
If not, the repeat your CaO synthesis part.
Further, you may check for higher alcohol:oil ratio, i.e., above 9 for better results.
FYI
Article Data on CaO and Eggshell Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production
Thanks
it seems that something was wrong. At this rate a modest transesterifiation would have to occur. The first is to check feedstock properties, check water content. free fatty acid contents seems to be out of worry, even though a modest amount should improve your conversion. Do it again, attach a reflux condenser and heat the mixture of feedstock- reagent-catalyst to boiling. If water is the problem start with drying of the feedstock (and reagent)
Mohammad Yusuf Thank you for your response. I have gone through dataset articles that you have suggested and other articles of the same author. In his articles, he used benzene and Tetraoxosulphate (VI) acids but nowhere was mentioned in the article how they utilized those chemicals. Here is the article..Article Impact Assessment of Biodiesel Production Using CaO Catalyst...
Please reply to me regarding this.
Andras Kovacs Thank you so much for adding an answer. FFA present in the feedstock is around 2.35%. I am trying to find an error and set reactions by varying parameters.
Thermal decomposition of the main component of eggshell (calcium carbonate) into calcium oxide occurs at around 800°C. At the temperature you calcined (1000°C), it certainly formed CaO, but with a smaller surface area than the material calcined at 800°C. However, this should not be a problem for the transesterification reaction. In my opinion, the problem may be due to exposure of the calcined material that, in contact with the air, easily forms calcium carbonate and even calcium hydroxide. To solve this, you should use the calcined material immediately after the thermal treatment.
Take a look at this article: Transesterification of different vegetable oils using eggshells from various sources as catalyst Article Transesterification of different vegetable oils using eggshe...
Hi Ameer Suhel
I’m a little concerned about the calcination temperature (1000oC) you are using, considering the soft nature of the eggshell. You may need to look into the catalysts synthesis steps, to be sure the eggshell is not already coked during the synthesis step prior to reaction. In addition, you may need to carry out XRD to be sure what’s actually synthesized and consider reducing the catalyst (under H2) if need be.
All the best!
Dear Ameer Suhel
Fundamentally, calcination at 800 degrees Celsius is sufficient to assure that all Ca-based compounds are converted to CaO, the active catalyst species. Due to the reversibility of the transesterification process, additional alcohol should be provided to encourage the forward reaction, even though the reaction requires a 1: 3 ratio ( oil: alcohol molar ratio). Generally, numerous study studies stated unequivocally that using 1: 6 is sufficient to elicit a forward reaction. The subject of your experiment is the molar ratio of oil to alcohol. and my own experience, 400 rpm is insufficient to maintain a homogeneous phase due to the mass transfer controlled by the reaction. Increase the mixing speed to 600 rpm.
Please refer this article to gain knowledge regarding your problem it will be a strong assist for you
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358977051_Catalysts_for_Biodiesel_Production_A_Review?_sg%5B0%5D=252Bx9TOIqecjgLbiBFGFMcN4E_IE7kAT-cZTw8712DOcQaonJDowTTwhF6-YPky_E9LuG2IdThQU_FZFrZ3YC1mFJrRb4We6jyRJ3yE.bHwkXyQwBEXygNcSC9gn_7_NVQI_pNr8n_Xd9RD-Tq5yPVaKmZL976gc0rTJOy6mjIbLdd1TazPSbiJmf8S33Q
With my experiences on biodiesel the combustion temperature was relatively too high, thus; this most of calcium Ash contents were converted to carbon during the transesterification. Once there's high temperature and low catalyst recovery can lead to low yield.
@Prosper Ovuoraye, the biodiesel combustion temperature has no relationship with the catalytic activity of the solid used for transesterification. The question is related to a complex problem but not to biodiesel combustion.
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