To me, the relationship is more of a trade-off than of compatibility. And what makes it even worse is that most sectors are industrialized which leads to a higher trade-off cost.

Dr Hussein Ahmed Elkamel thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Economic growth is often associated with environmental degradation. Improvement in quality of life is what drives the desire for economic growth. Increased consumption of Earth's resources and its negative environmental impact has led many to conclude that economic growth is unsustainable. In addition to the scale of consumption increasing with income, the compositions of what people consume changes, which could either exacerbate or offset their environmental footprint. Increase in GDP leads to increase in material and energy use, and therefore to environmental unsustainability. The production and use of goods can deplete natural resources and generate pollution. In addition to the scale of consumption increasing with income, the composition of what people consumes changes, which could either exacerbate or offset their environmental footprint. To achieve this harmony, companies must priorities innovation in eco-friendly practices, embrace renewable energy sources, and optimize resource usage. Sustainable growth hinges on mindful product development, supply chain transparency, and circular economy principles.Economic sustainability is all about giving people what they want without compromising the quality of life, especially in the developing world. Environmental sustainability: It is the process of meeting the needs of air, food, water, and shelter as well as ensuring that the environment is neither affected nor polluted. The basis for this view is the idea that environmental quality comes only after basic needs such as food and housing are met. So, countries should focus initially on economic growth even if it comes at the expense of environmental quality. Energy consumption uni-directionally causes economic growth. A bi-directionally causality exists between carbon emissions and economic growth. A causal relationship exists between energy consumption and carbon emissions. There is regional variation in the causal relationship between GDP-carbon–energy. The results confirm the existence of a statistically significant long run co integration relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions, revealing that on average, a 1% change in GDP leads to a 0.072 change in CO2 emissions.

Economic growth is not compatible with environmental sustainability because it is typically driven by increased consumption of resources and energy, which leads to increased emissions and pollution.

The relationship between economic growth and emissions is complex, but there is a general trend of increasing emissions with increasing economic growth. This is because as economies grow, they tend to produce more goods and services, which requires more energy and resources. This increased use of energy and resources leads to increased emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants.

There are a number of factors that can influence the relationship between economic growth and emissions, such as the type of economic activity, the efficiency of production processes, and the availability of low-carbon energy sources. However, even if economies become more efficient and use more low-carbon energy, it is still difficult to achieve economic growth without any increase in emissions.

Here are some specific examples of how economic growth can lead to environmental degradation:

• Increased deforestation: As economies grow, there is a demand for more land for agriculture, forestry, and urban development. This can lead to deforestation, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and destroys important habitats.
• Increased pollution: Economic growth can lead to increased pollution from factories, vehicles, and other sources. This pollution can damage human health and ecosystems.
• Overexploitation of resources: Economic growth can lead to the overexploitation of natural resources, such as water, fish, and minerals. This can deplete these resources and make them more difficult to access in the future.

There are a number of things that can be done to reduce the environmental impact of economic growth, such as:

• Investing in renewable energy: Investing in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other forms of pollution.
• Improving energy efficiency: Improving the energy efficiency of buildings and vehicles can help to reduce energy consumption and emissions.
• Reducing waste: Reducing waste and recycling can help to conserve resources and reduce pollution.
• Promoting sustainable agriculture and forestry: Promoting sustainable agriculture and forestry practices can help to reduce deforestation, protect ecosystems, and improve soil health.

However, it is important to note that these measures will not be enough to achieve environmental sustainability without also slowing down economic growth. In order to truly decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, we need to transform our economies and societies. This will require a fundamental shift in the way we produce and consume goods and services.

Dr Murtadha Shukur thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Yes, the production and use of goods can deplete natural resources and generate pollution. In addition to the scale of consumption increasing with income, the composition of what people consumes changes, which could either exacerbate or offset their environmental footprint. Sustainable development strives for moderate and responsible use within the economic activity of the limited resources of our planet, whereas economic growth does not limit the resource exploitation and energy, being mainly focused on productivity increase. The scale of consumption increasing with income, the compositions of what people consume changes, which could either exacerbate or offset their environmental footprint. Increase in GDP leads to increase in material and energy use, and therefore to environmental un-sustainability. We found that per capita energy consumption has a positive relationship with per capita GDP, while per capita CO2 emissions negatively affect per capita GDP in Central Asia. Further, per capita GDP has a negative impact on per capita energy consumption in the region. Energy consumption uni-directionally causes economic growth. A bi-directionally causality exists between carbon emissions and economic growth. A causal relationship exists between energy consumption and carbon emissions. There is regional variation in the causal relationship between GDP-carbon–energy. The results confirm the existence of a statistically significant long run co integration relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions, revealing that on average, a 1% change in GDP leads to a 0.072 change in CO2 emissions. The faster a country's economy grows, the higher the energy demand becomes. Consequently, the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration causes the global climate warming. However, the resulting climate warming may have a negative impact on the economics in turn. Transportation (28% of 2021 greenhouse gas emissions) – The transportation sector generates the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions from transportation primarily come from burning fossil fuel for our cars, trucks, ships, trains, and planes. As greenhouse gas emissions blanket the Earth, they trap the sun's heat. This leads to global warming and climate change. The world is now warming faster than at any point in recorded history. Warmer temperatures over time are changing weather patterns and disrupting the usual balance of nature. Using a simple sign test, we find support for the notion that an increase in income is associated with a decrease in per capita emissions. However, the change in emissions appears to be unrelated to the magnitude of the change in income. A carbon footprint estimates the total emission volume of greenhouse gases those gases in our atmosphere that trap and release heat, and contribute to climate change. Energy sector accounts for more than 70% of greenhouse gas emissions in India. Within energy sector, electric power generation accounts for maximum emissions, followed by others like transport sector. In addition, agriculture and Industrial Processes sector are also among big emitters.

I find this quite a broad, challenging and complex but important question. To contextualise, I define economic growth in this submission as “improving or increasing a country’s goods and services or national wealth”. It is usually measured in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP). Each of these measurements has its own ramifications. Economic growth is fundamental for economic development and a country’s population’s well-being. However, economic growth tends to be short-term focused, concentrating on strengthening the economic pillar at the expense of the social and environmental pillars on which sustainable development rests. My further insights are in the elaborated PDF file attached for ease of reference. Thanks all for the interesting contributions to the debate and very kind regards.

Dr Robert Sabiiti thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Increase in GDP leads to increase in material and energy use, and therefore to environmental un-sustainability. There is an uncomfortable scientific truth that has to be faced: economic growth is environmentally unsustainable. Technology and market based solutions are not magic bullets. Economic growth can put pressure on natural resources, leading to their unsustainable use and depletion. For example, increased industrial activity may lead to the excessive extraction of fossil fuels or deforestation. The central assumption is that economic growth can continue while reducing resource use, environmental pressures, and impacts. Resource use and environmental pressures can be absolutely decoupled from growth, and we can halt climate change and biodiversity loss without adversely affecting economic growth. Sustainable development strives for moderate and responsible use within the economic activity of the limited resources of our planet, whereas economic growth does not limit the resource exploitation and energy, being mainly focused on productivity increase. The correlation is positive, which suggests growing per capita GDP leads to increasing carbon dioxide emissions. No turning point is found at which emissions start to decrease when reaching a high enough GDP, as some theories claims.The results of the review showed that economic growth is not affected by energy consumption and CO2 emissions, while CO2 emissions are positively affected by energy consumption and economic growth. CO2 emissions have been rising due to energy-related human activities influenced by economic development and energy consumption and economic growth positively affect pollution caused by CO2 emissions. The increased usage of energy (fossil fuels) has caused environmental degradation throughout the world. Therefore, the issue at hand is to reduce carbon emissions without compromising on economic growth. This goal can be achieved in two ways: One is by bringing in energy efficiency and two by adopting clean technology. An extra ton of carbon emissions shortens lifespan, hurts crops, and causes sea levels to rise, decreasing property values. An SCC of $51 means that economists and climate scientists expect the total damages from an extra ton of carbon emissions to equal $51 a ton. The number of people on our planet is one of those factors. Every additional person increases carbon emissions the rich far more than the poor and increases the number of climate change victims – the poor far more than the rich.