Coastal areas experience less contrasts in temperature conditions due to moderating effect of the seas. The large water bodies helps in moderating temperature. Water has a higher heat capacity than soil and rock, so the ocean takes much longer to heat and to cool than the land. A coastal area has less variation in temperature than the non-coastal area as the cooling and the heating of water is less in comparison to the land. In coastal areas, during daytime, there is a regular flow of cool air from the sea towards the land. At night, there is a reverse flow of air from land to sea. This happens because during the daytime, land gets heated faster than water and radiated heat from land, heats the air above it. This is because in summer season the coastal plains experiences high pressure due to presence of moisture from Arabian sea, Indian ocean and Bay of Bengal in the three directions. During day time when the temperature is relatively high as compared to night then land gets heated up due to which air above the land gets hot while the air above the sea is cool. So cooler air flows from sea to land, which is sea breeze. The effects of ocean currents on climate are, the warm and cold ocean currents affect the climate of the adjoining land. They have an impact on the climate of the surrounding land. Warm currents raise the temperature of the areas adjacent to them, while colder currents lower the temperature of the adjacent area.

In recent decades, global temperatures have been rising at an alarming rate, causing many people to question the role of coastal areas in moderating the temperatures of the surrounding environment. A significant factor behind the difference in temperature between coastal and non-coastal regions is the presence of water. Water has a much higher specific heat capacity than air, which absorbs and stores much more heat energy than the surrounding air; This means that a coastal area can absorb and keep more heat during the day, resulting in less temperature variation between days and nights. Additionally, during the night, the water releases this stored heat energy, creating a warm, even temperature throughout the day. The presence of water also has a moderating effect on the air temperature of a coastal area. The air is cooled by the evaporation of water into the atmosphere, causing a cooling effect on the surrounding area. This cooling effect is especially pronounced during the day when the sun is shining, and the water evaporates faster. Finally, coastal areas are often subject to ocean breezes. These breezes, created by the temperature difference between the land and the ocean, can help cool the air during the day. This cooling effect, combined with the moderating effects of evaporation, can lead to cooler temperatures during the day in coastal areas than in non-coastal areas. Lastly, coastal areas experience less variation in temperature than non-coastal areas because of the moderating effects of water and ocean breezes. They are also excellent during the day due to the cooling effect of evaporation and ocean breezes.

References:

American Meteorological Society. (2020). The Fundamentals of Meteorology. Retrieved from https://www.ametsoc.org/ams/index.cfm/education/what-is-meteorology/the-fundamentals-of-meteorology-2/

National Weather Service. (2021). What Causes the Ocean Breezes? Retrieved from https://www.weather.gov/safety/ocean-breezes

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2020). Specific Heat Capacity. Retrieved from https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/specificheat.html

Dr Felix M. Delmonte thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Water has a higher heat capacity than soil and rock, so the ocean takes much longer to heat and to cool than the land. A coastal area has less variation in temperature than the non-coastal area as the cooling and the heating of water is less in comparison to the land. The temperatures on land change more rapidly than temperatures on water. The heat capacity of the ocean is much greater than that of the atmosphere or the land. As a result, the ocean slowly warms in the summer, keeping air cool, and it slowly cools in winter, keeping the air warm. Inland areas usually have greater temperature extremes from day to night and from season to season because land absorbs and loses heat energy more quickly than water. A sea breeze occurs when the warmer air inland rises and the cooler air from the coast moves in to take its place. Inland areas usually have greater temperature extremes from day to night and from season to season because land absorbs and loses heat energy more quickly than water. A sea breeze occurs when the warmer air inland rises and the cooler air from the coast moves in to take its place. Both the Arctic (North Pole) and the Antarctic (South Pole) are very cold because they get very little direct sunlight. The Sun is always low on the horizon, even in the middle of summer. In winter, the Sun is so far below the horizon that it doesn't come up at all for months at a time. In coastal areas, during daytime, there is a regular flow of cool air from the sea towards the land. At night, there is a reverse flow of air from land to sea. This happens because during the daytime, land gets heated faster than water and radiated heat from land, heats the air above it. As such, sand gets heated or cooled more rapidly as compared to water under the similar conditions. Thus a large difference in temperature is developed between the land and the sea due to which land and sea breezes are formed. These breezes make the climate near the sea shore moderate. In day time, the temperature of water rises much more slowly than that of inland cities whereas inland cities become very hot due to sun, therefore cities near the ocean remain cooler than inland cities.