Dr Rana Hamza Shakil thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Yes, it does. In fact, by carefully measuring the temperature rise from a known amount of stirring, James Prescott Joule established the equivalence of work and heat. By vigorously stirring water with a glass rod, you could potentially increase its kinetic energy which would in turn increase the temperature of the water. The basic idea makes sense. Temperature is just kinetic energy. When you stir tea, you're adding kinetic energy to it, and that energy goes somewhere. Since the tea doesn't do anything dramatic like rise into the air or emit light, the energy must be turning to heat. Stirring will help cool a hot drink because it speeds up the process of convection by bringing the hottest liquid at the bottom to the top, where it can be cooled by the air. But in truth, convection occurs pretty quickly anyway, and you're only slightly speeding it up. By the conservation of energy, the energy added from shaking is added to the system, first resulting in fluidic motion, and then dissipating to heat because of fluidic friction.The movement brings new surfaces of the food into contact with the hot pan and releases steam both of which expedite cooking. A given quantity of solute dissolves faster when it is ground into small particles, rather than in the form of large pieces, because more surface area is exposed. A packet of granulated sugar exposes far more surface area to the solvent and dissolves more quickly than a sugar cube.A third factor that affects the rate of dissolving is the size of solute particles. For a given amount of solute, smaller particles have greater surface area. With greater surface area, there can be more contact between particles of solute and solvent. The disjoining pressure of small particles is greater than that of large particles, so small particles have a higher interfacial solubility. Due to their higher differential concentration, thinner diffusion layer and increased surface area, small particles dissolve faster.

The rate of dissolution is the speed at which a solute dissolves in a solvent. It is affected by several factors, including:

• Stirring: Stirring increases the rate of dissolution by bringing more of the solute particles into contact with the solvent molecules. This is because stirring creates currents in the solution that help to distribute the solute particles evenly throughout the solvent.
• Temperature: Increasing the temperature of the solvent increases the rate of dissolution because the solvent molecules have more kinetic energy. This means that they move faster and collide with the solute particles more often, which helps to dissolve them.
• Particle size: Decreasing the particle size of the solute increases the rate of dissolution because it increases the surface area of the solute particles. This means that there are more solute particles available to collide with the solvent molecules, which helps to dissolve them.

Here is a more detailed explanation of each of these factors:

• Stirring: When a solute is added to a solvent, the solute particles are surrounded by solvent molecules. These solvent molecules collide with the solute particles, and some of the solute particles may dissolve. However, the rate of dissolution is slow at first because only the solute particles that are on the surface of the solute can dissolve. Stirring helps to distribute the solute particles evenly throughout the solvent, which exposes more of the solute particles to the solvent molecules and increases the rate of dissolution.
• Temperature: The kinetic energy of a molecule is the energy of its motion. The higher the temperature of a substance, the higher the kinetic energy of its molecules. This means that the solvent molecules in a hot solvent have more kinetic energy than the solvent molecules in a cold solvent. When the solvent molecules have more kinetic energy, they move faster and collide with the solute particles more often, which helps to dissolve them.
• Particle size: The surface area of a particle is the area that is exposed to the surrounding environment. The smaller the particle size, the greater the surface area per unit volume of the particle. This means that a smaller particle has more solute particles available to collide with the solvent molecules, which helps to dissolve it.

In summary, stirring, increasing temperature, and decreasing solute particle size all increase the rate of dissolution by increasing the contact between the solute particles and the solvent molecules.

Dr Murtadha Shukur thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Stirring a solute into a solvent speeds up the rate of dissolving because it helps distribute the solute particles throughout the solvent. As, when you add sugar to iced tea and then stir the tea, the sugar will dissolve faster. Usually, if the temperature increases, more of the solute will dissolve faster. Usually, if the particle sizes are smaller, more of the solute will dissolve faster. Usually, if the solution is stirred, more of the solute will dissolve faster. Heating up a solvent gives the molecules more kinetic energy. The increased rapid motion means that the solvent molecules collide with the solute with greater frequency, and that the collisions occur with more force. Both factors increase the rate at which the solute dissolves. A given quantity of solute dissolves faster when it is ground into small particles, rather than in the form of large pieces, because more surface area is exposed. A packet of granulated sugar exposes far more surface area to the solvent and dissolves more quickly than a sugar cube.The disjoining pressure of small particles is greater than that of large particles, so small particles have a higher interfacial solubility. Due to their higher differential concentration, thinner diffusion layer and increased surface area, small particles dissolve faster. A third factor that affects the rate of dissolving is the size of solute particles. For a given amount of solute, smaller particles have greater surface area. With greater surface area, there can be more contact between particles of solute and solvent. The larger surface area allowed greater interaction with the solvent molecules, which resulted in increased solubility. The reduction in the particle size increases the rate of solution because of the large surface area. It also means that when a given volume of material is made up of smaller particles, the surface area of the material increases. Therefore, as particle size decreases, a greater proportion of the particles are found at the surface of the material. The smaller the size of the particles, the greater is the rate of dissolution of the solute. This is due to the fact that the surface area in contact with the solvent increases with the decrease in the size of the particles.