The Sun emits energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light and other wavelengths. When this solar energy reaches the Earth, several factors influence how much of it actually reaches the Earth's surface:

The percentage of the Sun's energy entering the Earth's atmosphere that is absorbed by clouds varies depending on the cloud cover and cloud properties. On average, it is estimated that clouds reflect about 30% of the incoming solar radiation back to space, but this value can vary widely based on cloud type, location, and weather conditions.

So, to address your question specifically, it's not accurate to say that a specific percentage of the Sun's energy entering the Earth's atmosphere is absorbed by clouds, as this percentage is variable. However, on average, clouds reflect a significant portion of solar radiation, contributing to the reduction in the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth's surface. The remaining energy that does reach the surface is what fuels Earth's climate, weather systems, and ecosystems.

Prof. Rk Naresh

In addition to the right previous answer, I guess it should be considered solar irradiance on earth (atmosphere & surface)

Please, the Wiki on solar irrandiance has some interesting information:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance

Kind Regards.

Dr Gaurav H Tandon and Dr Pedro L Contreras E thank you for your contribution to the discussion

The vast majority of the sun's energy never comes near the earth, because it's radiated in different directions out into space. If it were possible to stand on the sun and look into the sky, the Earth would be a barely visible speck. Most of the sun's energy goes out into the blackness of space. The Earth absorbs most of the energy reaching its surface, a small fraction is reflected. In total approximately 70% of incoming radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere and the Earth's surface while around 30% is reflected back to space and does not heat the surface. This would leave no energy left to drive photosynthesis, which would very rapidly change the atmosphere's composition - we'd run out of oxygen unless we used some of the energy to make more. There would also be no energy to drive the water cycle, the ocean circulation or the wind. With no sunlight, photosynthesis would stop, but that would only kill some of the plants there are some larger trees that can survive for decades without it. Within a few days, however, the temperatures would begin to drop, and any humans left on the planet's surface would die soon after. Of the remaining 70 percent, 23 percent of incoming solar radiation is absorbed in the atmosphere, either by water vapor, atmospheric particles, dust and ozone. The remaining 47 percent passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed in Earth's land and sea which makes up nearly 71 percent of the entire world. The energy from the sun that reaches Earth's surface is mostly "shortwave" radiation - mostly visible light. This energy passes freely through the atmosphere and is absorbed by Earth's surface. The surface warms from the energy input, and some of its heat projects back to the atmosphere as infrared radiation. Averaged over the entire planet, the amount of sunlight arriving at the top of Earth's atmosphere is only one-fourth of the total solar irradiance, or approximately 340 watts per square meter. Light travels at a speed of 300,000 kms−1 and the distance between Earth and the sun is 150 million km. Thus it takes nearly 8 minutes for light from the sun to reach Earth. The atmosphere allows about half of the Sun's heat energy (50%) to reach Earth's surface. About a third of the Sun's energy (30%) is reflected back into space. The rest of the Sun's energy (20%) is absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane. 51% of the incoming energy is absorbed by the earth's surface i.e. the land and oceans. 30% is directly reflected back i.e re-radiated towards space by clouds, the earth's surface, and different gases and particles in the atmosphere (the earth's albedo is 0.3 on average). 19% is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds.The atmosphere and clouds directly absorb about 20 percent of the solar radiation that strikes Earth. In normalized units, the Earth's surface radiates 105 units of infrared energy upward. Atmospheric gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other greenhouse gases) and clouds absorb 99 of the 105 units of infrared radiation energy emitted by the Earth's surface. When sunlight hits low clouds, a lot of that light and heat is reflected back into space. When sunlight hits clouds that are high in the atmosphere, those clouds reflect less sunlight energy. However, these high clouds also trap more heat. The measurements of absorption of solar radiation in extensive cloud systems suggest an average value of about 20% absorption if we treat the Washington observations as one group, since they pertain to one cloud system.