Many African states are classified in international studies by renowned organizations as fragile or even failed states. In these countries, the organizational structures of state power (government, authorities, state institutions) have largely collapsed so that they can no longer fulfill their tasks. The population suffers from great poverty, violence, corruption and political arbitrariness.

The possible solutions lie in an improved constitutional design and a binding code of conduct for political leaders and public administration. In addition, significant investments are required in school and scientific education, which are generally difficult for the states themselves to finance. Therefore, help from abroad is often required, but this must not lead the countries into new imperial dependencies. All of this can only be achieved through a long-term social and economic development process.

See for example

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254442515_Steuern_in_Fragilen_Staaten_Empfehlungen_fur_die_Entwicklungszusammenarbeit

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274055265_Poverty_Human_Capital_Life-cycle_and_the_Tax_and_Transfer_Bases_The_Role_of_Education_for_Development_and_International_Competition

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328829797_Economic_Integration_and_Constitutional_Design_-_Governance_Problems_in_a_Globalizing_World_Lectures_for_the_Catedra_Theodor_Heuss_Mexico_City_2012

voire comment gèrent- t - en leurs ressources(humaines ; agricoles ; minières ......)est -on au moins une stratégie de développement sociétal????

The answer to your question is of a very complex nature. The question might as well be asked "what should be done to make a country rich"? Unfortunately, there is no golden recipe. If there were, all countries would be already rich. In short, we can distinguish two main factors that can affect the wealth of nations: 1) geographical and climatic conditions - when you take a look at the map of Africa - you will quickly realize that the richest countries in Africa are in the North and in the South, namely located in moderate climate and with access to the sea (Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Algeria, Morocco). Whereas, it is very difficult to function in a tropical climate and without access to the sea (for instance land transport is seven times more expensive than sea transport); 2) social institutions, namely all the institutions that make people want to work and thereby make the country richer.

pourquoi un pays portant il est en Afrique mais ne souffre pas de pauvreté , c'est le cas de l'Afrique du sud???????les occupants d'hier pour tout le continent exercent un autre modèle modifié de colonisation inélégante sans déverser une goutte de sang pour cela ils ont artificialité les élites présumes de chaque pays a part .....

Using the poverty line of $1.90 per day, Africa's extreme poverty rate was recently estimated to be about 35.5%. This rate is 6.8 times higher than the average for the rest of the world. One of the key factors contributing to poverty in Africa is economic instability.

https://outreach-international.org/blog/poverty-in-africa/

The economic crisis in Africa reflects a difficult combination of internal weakness, unfavorable external economic conditions, and noneconomic factors, such as adverse weather. So, the task of dealing with the African crisis is too large and urgent for anything less than a sustained effort by all parties on all fronts. The solutions must focus on internal measures in individual countries, regional cooperation, and bilateral and multilateral assistance. Progress will be insufficient unless material steps are taken in each of these areas.

https://www.elibrary.imf.org/display/book/9780939934614/ch004.xml

Most African countries grapple with pervasive poverty due to a combination of historical, political, economic, and social factors. The legacy of colonization has left a lasting impact on these nations, with arbitrary borders, resource exploitation, and forced labor shaping their development trajectories. Political instability and governance issues contribute to an environment that is often unfriendly to economic growth and foreign investment. Limited economic diversification, heavy reliance on agriculture, and vulnerability to commodity price fluctuations further hinder progress. Geographic challenges, health issues, educational disparities, and inadequate infrastructure also play crucial roles in perpetuating poverty. The multifaceted nature of these challenges requires a holistic and collaborative approach to foster sustainable development in the diverse contexts of African nations.

Dear Doctor

Go To

Causes of Poverty in Africa: A Review of Literature

Alex Addae-Korankye

American International Journal of Social Science, Vol. 3, No. 7; December 2014

"Causes of Poverty in Africa Poverty has multiple and complex causes. SIDA (2005) views these multi-dimensional causes as stemming from a lack of information, knowledge about market prices for the goods they deal in, issues related to health, availability of public services, and their rights. There is a political minority which lacks the visibility and voice as regards the institutions that shape their lives. Poor people are also said to lack access to relevant skills and knowledge, education and personal development that could improve their livelihoods. According to Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy (2004), Poverty may be caused or exacerbated by:

According to Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy (2004), Poverty may be caused or exacerbated by:

 The lack of capacity of the poor to influence social processes, public policy choices and resource allocations.

 Low capacities through lack of education, vocational skills, entrepreneurial abilities, poor health and poor quality of life.

 The disadvantaged position of women in society.

 Exposure to risks through lack of financial, social or physical security.

 Low levels of consumption through lack of access to capital, social assets, land and market opportunities.

 Exposure to shocks due to limited use of technology to stem effects of drought, floods, army worms, crop pests, crop diseases, and environmental degradation.

 Inadequate environmental protection measures.

 Lack of macro-economic stability that erodes the resources of the poor through inflation and other variables.

 The inability of the national economy to optimise benefits within the global system.

 Habits and conventions based upon superstition and myths giving rise to anti-social behaviour.

 Other factors leading to vulnerability and exclusion."

l’Afrique ne sortira guerre de ces difficultés financières & sociales sans l' indépendance culturelle & politique dont l'instauration des états souverains libre de son destin optant a gérer ces ressources par ces cadres & forces multiples de la nation en harmonie totale avec les attentes de ces composantes .