Many mangroves like Avicennia and Sonerratia species have developed pneumatophores as an adaptive strategy to survive in hypoxic environment. These pneumatophores receive oxygen from the atmosphere. Why do not they utilize the oxygen received through aerial parts like leaves and then transporting to roots?
As mangroves grow in muddy soil which have negligible oxygen due to which they develop pneumatophores to supply oxygen to the root system. the aerial parts like stomata in the leaves cannot compensate it to the root system.
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Mangroves soils, rich in clay and organic matter, are highly reduced. There is very little available oxygen in them, thus the roots have to search for it above. It has been shown with marked isotopes that this is an efficient way to cater root cells with oxygen.
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