Even though it is one of the fundamental laws of physics, Newton's third law can be violated in certain nonequilibrium (out-of-balance) situations. When two objects or particles violate the third law, they are said to have nonreciprocal interactions. Violations can occur when the environment becomes involved in the interaction between the two particles in some way, such as when an environment moves with respect to the two particles. (Of course, Newton's law still holds for the complete "particles-plus-environment" system.)
Although there have been numerous experiments on particles with nonreciprocal interactions, not as much is known about what's happening on the microscopic level—the statistical mechanics—of these systems."
It is part of Lisa Zyga's paper: "What happens when Newton's 3-law is broken" (May 15. 2015). In a new paper published in Physical Review X, Alexei Ivlev, et al., have investigated the statistical mechanics of different types of nonreciprocal interactions and discovered some surprising results—such as that extreme temperature gradients can be generated on the particle scale.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2015-05-newton-law-broken.html#jCp
I hope, Ilhem, that it helps you a little bit:-)? JH
Of course we can-there's no problem. However one must be careful to take everything into account.
Actually you have to think a little more about the third law in physics and to develop a feeling how it is applied.
As for the organisms, grass does not normally eat cows.
- Dear Ilhem
- Can you give me a more precise reference to the Pr Akira Okubo's paper? (sorry, for these dots:-)
Paper : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0065227X86900031
Page 17
Best regards
Even though it is one of the fundamental laws of physics, Newton's third law can be violated in certain nonequilibrium (out-of-balance) situations. When two objects or particles violate the third law, they are said to have nonreciprocal interactions. Violations can occur when the environment becomes involved in the interaction between the two particles in some way, such as when an environment moves with respect to the two particles. (Of course, Newton's law still holds for the complete "particles-plus-environment" system.)
Although there have been numerous experiments on particles with nonreciprocal interactions, not as much is known about what's happening on the microscopic level—the statistical mechanics—of these systems."
It is part of Lisa Zyga's paper: "What happens when Newton's 3-law is broken" (May 15. 2015). In a new paper published in Physical Review X, Alexei Ivlev, et al., have investigated the statistical mechanics of different types of nonreciprocal interactions and discovered some surprising results—such as that extreme temperature gradients can be generated on the particle scale.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2015-05-newton-law-broken.html#jCp
I hope, Ilhem, that it helps you a little bit:-)? JH
Dear Jerzy, thank you very much it was very helpful.
Best regards
Ilhem
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