Hello,
according to the Second law of thermodynamic Heat Cannot be Transformed completely in work. A Part of the Heat is taken Up by a Reservoir of lower Temperature. WHat would Happen IF this Reservoir Would have the Temperaturen 0 K?
HEat IS Kinetic motion of Atoms which IS Zero at 0K.
Lothar
Dear Dr. Schuh,
By our newly developed Functor Algebra Calculus of Dbranes String Theory (Mallick, Hamburger, Mallick (2016)) pl.see on www.researchgate.net/Soumitra K. Mallick the flow of spacextime in any Quantum Thermodynamical System which can be homoemorphic to Econophysics AGNNetworks by Higgs-Englert-Brout-Bosonic particle motion because of entropy increase over spacextime say (Mallick (2014)) by Functor Algebra Calculus method, systems integration (Mallick (2014), Mallick, Hmaburger, Mallick (2016) requires that both algebra ana calculus is required in the Riemannable SpacexTime Quantum probabilistic system, which by the fundamental theorem of calculus requires a constant of integration which in Riemann Manifold space has measure zero. Hence there will be a nonzero constant of integration with Quantum Systems probability one. Proved.
Soumitra K. Mallick
for Soumitra K. Mallick, Nick Hamburger, Sandipan Mallick
"...which by the fundamental theorem of calculus requires a constant of integration which in Riemann Manifold space has measure zero" please read as '..which by the fundamental theorem of calculus requires a constant of integration of zero which in Riemann Manifold space has measure zero".
S.K.Mallick
2nd law of thermodynamics is very fundamental for classical physics. It is derived using Carnot cycle (see http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/carnot.html ) for adiabatic (very slow) process. The problem is to obtain a thermostat with 0 Kelvin (no motion) and to keep it at this level. With any contact, temperature of thermostat will eventually grow. Even Carnot cycle is not obtained technically (due to slowness of adiabatic process).
There is also a link between this 2nd law and growth of entropy. Heat is chaotic motion of particles, while work assumed oriented force.
Entropy: A concept that is not a physical quantity
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230554936_Entropy_A_concept_that_is_not_a_physical_quantity
"Why can heat not be transformed completely into work?" is probably the reason why heat was once demonized until the demon was finally caught up and labeled "entropy." Some of the energy available as heat must make its way to the sink just to dump the entropy taken off it (heat) to appear as work. Sink (reservoir) is conceptualized as a body with huge capacity to absorb heat without any change in its temperature. Not heat, I think, it's temperature that is a measure of (proportional to) the molecular average kinetic energy.
Because to transform all heat in an object into work you would have to cool it to zero Kelvin. That means you can only use the heat from an object while it is above the ambient temperature.
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