China is going for BEV (battery electric vehicle)

Europe for both, BEV and Plug-in Hybrid

Read this:

Book The State of Electromobility 2018

In Brazil a lot of progress has been made in terms of ethanol, most of it obtained from sugar cane plantations. It is quite usual to find ethanol in gas stations around here, specially in the southwest region of the country, where it has more competitive prices. Electric and hybrid vehicles are still pretty rare on the streets.

In some cities in China, bus fleets have been fully electrified, which is cool and crazy!

India is the biggest potential market for automobile with 10.5% growth rate per year .Indian automobile scenario are undergoing a key change from conventional to electric vehicle solution(BEV and plugin). To have a better understanding of the transition I will classify my synopsis into following.

1 . Public demand

2. Government Initiation

3.Ongoing Research & development

Public demand: The consumer’s focus on economic mobility solution (69.5% of Indian population have their own car and they want electric vehicle within the range of $5000 to $20000).

A good amount of population are using older cars (older than 10 years) so they demand for hybrid solution for automobile that can be used in their old car. (source Indian Statistical institute & public survey report)

Govt.Initiation: Now a days the government is very aggressive in promoting the e-vehicle.

Govt is planning to lunch 60 million ev for next 2025

To encourage different research institution and electric vehicle manufacturer, govt has planned to support and invest 10 billion dollar on the scheme FAME.

Target to convert all vehicle manufacturer units to complete ev units by 2025

Taxation on ev is reduced to 5% .

Promoting to faster adoption of BEV . (source govt msme site)

Research and Innovation:

IIT Mardras working on improvement of battery performance.

NIT warangle in research on Fuel cell ( H-fuel cell)

IIT Roorke undertaking a project on electric vehicle for terrain and hilly regions.

A group of sustainable energy experts are volunteering to work on the development of a white paper on "Sustainable transportation strategy" with whom I am involved. The white paper will lead to a draft strategy to be offered to the government.

In brief, the early draft of the white paper proposes the following phases:

1- The completion of the transformation initiative of existing vehicles to work with LNG beside gasoline.

2- Start to develop EV charging stations infrastructure in certain specific roads.

3- Imposing the local assembly and imports of hybrid vehicles (LPG + Electric) within a certain duration. No date defined and no duration defined yet.

4- In parallel with the charging stations infrastructure completion, a complete move to EV local assembly and manufacturing will be implemented.

5- PV/wind power is a part of the sustainable transportation strategy.

Hope this answers your question.

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG, The above discussion inspired me to the following considerations: One of the important factors of sustainable ecological development is the development of electromobility, including the production of electric cars. Therefore, both pro-ecological technologies for propelling motor vehicles in a fully electric and hybrid formula should be developed. For passenger cars that do not require high power engines, fully electric motors should be the more appropriate solution. On the other hand, for vehicles equipped with high-power engines, i.e. large trucks, construction machinery, high-power tractors, i.e. in a situation where purely electric drive may be too weak.

Thanks to ecological innovations, the scope and possibilities of implementing sustainable proecological economic development are increasing. In connection with the ongoing process of global warming, it is necessary to develop ecological innovations in the field of renewable energy sources development, improvement of waste sorting techniques, development of recycling, electromobility, ecological agriculture, reduction of plastic from packaging and replacement of plastic with biodegradable materials, etc.

In my opinion, the key to the development of autonomous car technologies is the issue of developing the necessary infrastructure and security services so that the development of autonomous car technologies and the increase in the number of autonomous cars do not increase the statistics on the number of road accidents.

In addition, the development of autonomous car technologies can be parallel to the development of electromobility. For the development of electromobility and the number of electric cars in use, it is also necessary to build the necessary infrastructure installed along roads, urban streets and inter-city communication arteries of charging points for batteries with electricity.

In some countries, active electromobility development policies are implemented, under which the state subsidizes the purchase of an electric car from public finance funds and invests in projects to develop the necessary infrastructure for charging points for electricity. Further power plants for the production of electricity under the development of renewable energy sources are also being built, because the development of electromobility causes a significant increase in demand for electricity. Unfortunately, this type of pro-ecological, active policy of electromobility development is carried out only in some countries.

In relation to the above, can the future development of pro-ecological motorization in connection with modern information technologies be presented in the following formula: Electromobility + Autonomous cars + Smart city + Robotics Technologies Industry 4.0 = Automated autonomous ecological cars.

In connection with the above, the key question is: Will the combination of currently developed Industry 4.0 technologies, i.e. primarily advanced information technologies and technologies in the field of: Electromobility + Autonomous cars + Smart city + Robotics in the perspective of the next years to create automated autonomous ecological cars?

However, the development of electromobility is not fast. Why is this happening?

- What is the reason for the slow development of electromobility technology?

- Are current battery technologies insufficient? Do current batteries charge too slowly and store electricity for a limited, short life of the car after charging the batteries?

- Is too much energy consumed during battery production? Is neutralization of acids during the disposal of used batteries associated with serious problems and a threat to the natural environment?

- Is there still no developed infrastructure for charging points for batteries in electric cars? Should the necessary innovative solutions be developed, such as the new generation roadway recently created in Scandinavia, on which the electric cars that charge the batteries themselves?

- Are lobbying companies from the energy sector of mineral combustion and automotive companies as well as the pricing policy of energy raw materials the main barriers to pro-ecological reforms and development of electromobility?

- Are lobbying companies from the mining sector and the energy sector based on the burning of minerals and automotive companies as well as the pricing policy of energy raw materials the main determinants slowing down the implementation of necessary ecological reforms and the development of electromobility in the automotive field?

Lobbying of companies in the energy mining sector, the energy sector based on the burning of minerals and car concerns as well as the pricing policy of energy raw materials are the main factors slowing down the implementation of necessary pro-ecological reforms, including, among others, the implementation of ecological innovations in the field of energy development based on renewable energy sources and the development of electromobility in automotive field.

It is therefore necessary to change the development policy of the energy sector and in shaping the development of the automotive industry taking into account the key aspects of ecology. The state should co-finance the construction of power plants producing electricity and heat based on renewable energy sources. In this way, it will be possible to implement realistically sustainable sustainable economic development carried out according to the green economy concept.

Therefore, the following questions also arise:

- Which types of electromobility or alternative solutions for the environmentally friendly power supply of motor vehicles are being developed in your countries?

- Is it based mainly on purely electric or hybrid engines combining electric power with combustion or other power, or power based on hydrogen and oxygen combustion or biogas combustion?

- In connection with the need to accelerate the implementation processes of sustainable pro-ecological economic development, should governments be activating and co-financing pro-ecological electromobility development programs?

- How should the infrastructure necessary for the development of electromobility be developed, i.e. primarily in the area of ​​development of a quick charging system for electric cars at charging points located in different places?

- What are the main barriers to the development of electromobility?

- How should the disposal systems for used electric batteries be developed?

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply

I invite you to discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In a country ruled by dictatorial regimes, nothing develops but on the contrary they destroy the existing environment

Case of South Korea... results show that under given conditions, it is implausible to meet the target for the penetration of eco-vehicles (6.13% for electric vehicles and 2.6% for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles by 2025). The scenario analysis suggests that it is possible to meet the penetration target if a subsidy is provided for eco-vehicles to the extent that the price drops to the level of gasoline vehicles and the number of charging stations is increased more than threefold compared to the target. However, the study found that stronger support is required to accomplish the penetration target for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles... Byun, H., Shin, J., & Lee, C. Y. (2018). Using a discrete choice experiment to predict the penetration possibility of environmentally friendly vehicles. Energy, 144, 312-321.

Romania...Public transportation using electric vehicles... Ciotlaus, M., Moldovan, D., Clitan, A., & Muntean, L. (2017). Choosing an Environmentally-Friendly Public Transportation System Using Multiple-Criteria Analysis. Case Study: Bistrita Nasaud, Romania. Procedia Engineering, 181, 396-403.

Electric buses in Europe... This paper deals with EBSF – European Bus System of the Future, 3iBS – the Intelligent, Innovative Integrated Bus Systems and ZeEUS – Zero Emission bUs Systems, three research projects funded by the European Commission, with the aim to develop a new generation of buses. The common task is to develop innovative solutions to increase the attractiveness of this mode and to operate more environmentally-friendly vehicles.... Corazza, M. V., Guida, U., Musso, A., & Tozzi, M. (2016). A European vision for more environmentally friendly buses. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 45, 48-63.

Colombia...

electric vehicles in collaborative urban transport networks... Muñoz-Villamizar, A., Montoya-Torres, J. R., & Faulin, J. (2017). Impact of the use of electric vehicles in collaborative urban transport networks: A case study. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 50, 40-54.

Sweden's Fire rescue EVs... Since the environmental issues are setting the agenda, not the safety issues, lesser environment risks could become greater safety risks. We stress the need for various occupational decision making at all levels of society to cooperate in order to take responsibility for the safe introduction for new more environmentally friendly transport vehicle technique and disseminating safety information in a collected and systematic way.... Stave, C., & Carlson, A. (2017). A case study exploring firefighters’ and municipal officials’ preparedness for electrical vehicles. European transport research review, 9(2), 25.

India... Indian consumers' sentiment towards electric vehicles...Jena, R. (2020). An empirical case study on Indian consumers' sentiment towards electric vehicles: A big data analytics approach. Industrial Marketing Management.

China... Under the pressure of the global demand for environmental protection, the Chinese government has placed significant importance to the development and application of electric vehicles (EVs). However, the energy-saving and emission-reduction features of EVs remain the subject of debate. The current study conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) on the power system of a gasoline vehicle (GV) and two EVs powered by lithium–iron ferrous phosphate (LFP) battery and nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) lithium battery based on Chinese practical production data. Results show that EVs have larger abiotic depletion potential (ADP) and environmental impact comprehensive value than GVs during the life cycle ...Yu, A., Wei, Y., Chen, W., Peng, N., & Peng, L. (2018). Life cycle environmental impacts and carbon emissions: A case study of electric and gasoline vehicles in China. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 65, 409-420.

Mauritius...Hybrid eco cars.. Barry, M., & Damar-Ladkoo, A. (2016). Consumer Behaviours towards Eco-Cars: A Case of Mauritius. Studies in Business and Economics, 11(1), 26-44.

Comparative study on Japan n Korea... In recent years, the development and market participation of major makers of next-generation eco-green vehicles has been accelerating. Consumer interest has also increased. Consumer characteristics, consumption type, characteristics of next-generation eco-friendly vehicles, and government policies on next eco-green vehicles. In Korea, there was no significant difference by gender, age, monthly average income, and consumer type. However, there was no significant difference in purchase intention by gender, age, and monthly income, Respectively. In the case of Japan, there was no significant difference by gender, age, monthly income, and consumer type. In Korea, on the other hand, images such as brand, color, and design have positive effects on eco-friendly vehicles. In the case of Japan, image and stability have a positive effect on consumers' purchasing behavior. Therefore, it is important for Japanese consumers to consider not only the image of purchasing an eco-friendly vehicles, but also the safety of the vehicles body, appear. In the case of Korea, the socio-environmental value-seeking type has a significant relationship with the purchasing intention. In the case of socio-environmental value-seeking type, the government's support policy such as carbon dioxide tax, direct support from the national or local governments, gasoline tax, Carbon tax and fuel related tax relief showed positive effects. In the case of Japan, the price-seeking type and the socio-environmental value-seeking type were found to have a significant relationship with the purchasing intention. Both the price-seeking type and the socio-environmental value-seeking type showed that the carbon dioxide tax, Direct support, gasoline tax, gasoline tax, and carbon tax, etc. have positive effects... Yim, K. H., & Chong, M. Y. (2017). A Study on the Influence of Consumer Type on the Choice of Next-Generation Eco-Friendly Vehicle and Consumer Purchase Intention-Comparative Study on Japan and Korea. Journal of digital convergence, 15(11), 133-146.

Prospects of Electric Vehicles in the Automotive Industry in Nigeria. Environmentally-friendly vehicles, given the need to shift away ... on wasting energy sources to power vehicles. ... inadequacy of electricity which is critical for the EVs, ... https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340315691_Prospects_of_Electric_Vehicles_in_the_Automotive_Industry_in_Nigeria

Kindly check for Nigeria

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484719308832

The development of wind power plants is being undertaken by many countries including Nigeria, for the generation of ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13705-016-0072-1

Dear D A Gayan Nayanajith,

Yes, pro-ecological reforms also increasingly concern the automotive industry.

Thank you for your participation in this discussion. Thank you very much for a fully substantive answer. You brought very interesting and inspiring considerations to our discussion. The problem is indeed multifaceted and not fully understood and defined. Thank you for the submitted materials. Thank you very much for your comment, information provided, links and bibliographic data to sources etc.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Chinaza Godswill Awuchi,

Thank you very much for participating in this discussion and providing inspiring and informative answers to the above question: Which types of environmentally-friendly powering of motor vehicles are being developed in your countries?

Thank you very much for participating in this discussion and for a substantive, constructive reply. A very good answer on this topic. I learned a lot from the discussions. Thanks for sharing your information. Thank you very much for the given bibliographic sources and participation in the discussion. In my opinion, the issue of electromobility is an important factor in the implementation of the principles of sustainable development into economic processes and an important determinant of the pro-ecological transformation process of the traditional brown economy to a sustainable green economy / circular economy. The above discussion confirms that the importance of the issue electromobility has been growing in recent years.

Greetings, Have a nice day,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In my opinion, one of the best directions of automotive development should be the development of electromobility based on the combustion of hydrogen with oxygen. Some car concerns are already starting serial production of some car models based on this type of the most environmentally friendly and environmentally friendly power supply for motor vehicles. However, a lot has to change for this type of electromobility to become a standard. The question arises: What systemic, organizational, technological, etc. reforms should be implemented so that this type of electromobility begins to develop quickly, so that in a few years most of the vehicles produced could be powered by combustion of hydrogen with oxygen? If this could be done, then the development of the automotive industry would be fully consistent with the goals of sustainable development and the pro-environmental transformation plan for the economy.

Thank you, Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Adel Beshara,

Thank you very much for the information provided on the White Paper on the subject: "Sustainable Transport Strategy".

Thank you, Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Currently, it is assumed that the cleanest types of power supply for motor vehicles are hydrogen engines, because the effect of burning hydrogen in oxygen is water vapor.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz