Which type of cloud is most likely to produce precipitation and process in which any product of condensation of atmospheric water vapour falls under gravity?
I suggest you read Jerry Straka's book "Cloud and Precipitation microphysics" and Pruppacher and Klett’s book "Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation." I suggest also books on atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics. Moreover, I can provide you the following list of publications about the cloud dynamics of convective storm systems:
S. Bony et al., Nat. Geosci. 8, 261 (2015).
C. Muller et al., Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 54, 133 (2022).
C. S. Bretherton, P. N. Blossey, M. Khairoutdinov, J. Atmos. Sci. 62, 4273 (2005).
C. Muller, S. Bony, Geophys. Res. Lett. 42, 5626 (2015).
A. M. Tompkins, A. G. Semie, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 9, 1046 (2017).
J. O. Haerter, Geophys. Res. Lett. 46, 4017 (2019).
D. Yang, J. Atmos. Sci. 78, 571 (2021).
S. Abramian, C. Muller, C. Risi, Geophys. Res. Lett. 49, e2021GL095184 (2022).
F. R. Robe, K. A. Emanuel, J. Atmos. Sci. 58, 1427 (2001).
R. G. J. Fitzpatrick et al., J. Clim. 33, 3151 (2020).
P.-E. Brilouet et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 50, e2022GL102180 (2022).