We can't think only of a single factor. I think we should check moisture absorption, chloride ion test, and permeability. Because in my sense those are the root factors that can enhance or reduces concrete durability. But I will keep moisture absorption in the top position.
Tests such as water absorption, surface absorption, water permeability, or chloride permeability are commonly specified. These tests should consider the unique properties of the mix design when used to determine concrete's durability
Moisture absorption should primarily be taken as the main indicator as other relevant parameters are correlated with this indicator. I would say that thanks to correlation it also represents other parameters. A reduction in moisture absorption is a typical symptom with an increase in airtightness, an increase in concrete strength, a decrease in permeability, etc.
Hello , several factors important in Durability , yes water or moisture absorption is important factor as DR. Piatr Knyziak said. which decrease by using HSC or UHPC types of concrete , but there are important factors which like Fire resistance which high strength concrete behave badly by spoiling or explodes with temperatures exceeds 700 degrees and thus HSC or Ultra high strength concrete not safe for buildings that may exposed to fire (or when fire happened )- third durability point is freezing and thaw cycles which polymer concrete is the best ... thank you all
The most important aspect is the water absorption. Concrete durability depends upon the degree of exposure, the concrete grade (or strength) and the cement content. A high density, alkali-resistant concrete will better resist the effects of moisture penetration.
Tests such as water absorption, surface absorption, water permeability, or chloride permeability are commonly specified. These tests should consider the unique properties of the mix design when used to determine concrete's durability. They also have some limitations and it is necessary to understand and recognise them.
Concrete with a low water-cementitious ratio (0.40 or lower) is more durable than concrete with a high water-cementitious ratio (0.50 or higher). https://www.cement.org/learn/concrete-technology/durability