Well I know about shielding property of 4f electrons of REIs but how the energy states splitting can be same in different crystal fields? Don't this crystal fields have different magnetic or electric field, do they? Crystal field somehow manage to split the states but in the same way all the time. I couldn't get this. I am not a physicist so I apologize if this question is so awkward.
Dear Orhan kıbrıslı: perhaps th point is to consider the origine of the valence three of the Ln;
We know that the rare earth elements have mainly the valence three, a situation very different of that of the 3d elements which exhibit various possibilities. To understand this difference, we have to discuss the origin of the valence three of the rare earths. The two first valence states of the lanthanum have the same origin than the barium, element just before lanthanum. They are the result of the two 6s electrons appearing after the xenon. On the other hand the filling of the 4f shell starts after those of the 5s, 5p, 4d and 6s shells that is an amount of twenty electrons. Then it seems difficult to involve a 4f electron which is protected by all these electrons to explain the valence three of La. It is for this reason that in the old text books, the additional electron appearing with the lanthanum is supposed to be a 5d electron and also for some other elements of the rare earths. This hypothesis is now more or less forgotten but not fully. Considering the corpuscular model "Quantum State and Periodicity" an alternative approach is to suppose that it is the xenon shell, with its electrons gravitating in different directions of possible bonds, which leads to the third valence state of the Ln.
On the other hand the Zeeman splitting is also found with the magnetic moment of the rare earths see “Total angular momentum and atomic magnetic moment” with Lochak. In this work the g or Landé factor are that of the Runge law “Paschen F., and Runge C., Astrophys. Jour. 15, 235, 333, 1902; Phys. Zeits. 3, 441, 1902.
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Mathematical Sciences
- Graphs