Dear Jamil Ahmed Buledi, you can not find a given one surfactant which is the best whatever the metal oxide is, so you have to specify which metal oxide is your target, and if any additional role is to be fullfilled. Please check the following RG thread. My Regards
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_chose_Capping_agent_and_Surfactant_for_metal_oxide_nanoparticles
No thanks, just if possible more details. Meanwhile, you can check the following documents. My Regards
https://doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2015.1131787
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5037266
https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA08461F
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-84882-671-7_3
Hi;
A surfactant is usually a simple molecule carrying one or more functional chemical groups, or a macromolecule (polymer) capable of adsorbing to the surface of NP. It can act according to two mechanisms. If it has ionic groups, it can increase the electrostatic potential on the surface of the particles and thus cause additional electrostatic repulsion. The surfactant adsorbed on the surface can also act as a physical barrier and create a steric type repulsion. Some polymers can act by both mechanisms, making them more effective. Depending on the composition of the formulation and the causes of instability, a practitioner will choose one type of surfactant over another. For example, it may be more appropriate to use small, highly charged molecules for nanoparticles less than 20 nm in diameter to avoid inter-particle bridging effects with high molecular weight polymers.
With my best regards
Dear Doufnoune RACHIDA Rachida thank you so much for your valuable answer
Hi Jamil Ahmed Buledi ,
Stabilization by surfactant or ligands requires a good affinity of the stabilizing molecules towards the metal oxide nanoparticles. Now depending on the functional group of the stabilizing molecules, for different metal oxides the stabilizing molecules vary. For example, we found that thiols bind strongly to ZnO and CuO but not to TiO2 and WO3. While amines bind strongly to TiO2 and WO3 but not ZnO and CuO. This work may be interesting to you:
Article Ligand Functionalization of Photocatalytic Metal Oxide Nanop...
Now in different surfactants/ligands will also change the properties of the nanoparticles (size, shape, etc) depending on the affinity. So while there is not a single recipe, there is a lot of choices to explore and investigate.
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