The Himalayas exert a great influence on the mechanism of monsoon and overall climate of India. South- West Monsoons reverse from the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayan ranges. The Himalayas mainly stop the cold winds coming from the North Gobi desert. Rainfall decreases from the east to the west in Northern India because there is a decrease in the moisture content of the winds. Seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian subcontinent takes place due to pressure differential. El Nino has major role to play in the seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian subcontinent.

Monsoons in the Indian Ocean occur over the largest negative anomaly in the Earth's gravitational field. Within this anomaly, the gravitational field strongly changes with a period of 1 year. The monsoon winds in the area change direction twice a year. The gravitational field in the monsoon region also changes sign twice a year. If we measure the change in the gravitational field in pascals, then the amplitude of the annual changes in the gravitational field exceeds 15 hectopascals. These processes take place synchronously.

http://maptimes.inf.ua/CH_12/11.pdf

USING GIS TO STUDY THE REASONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE INDIAN OCEAN MONSON. in Russian

Influence temporal variability of the gravitational field on the atmosphere and the ocean. in Russian

Discussions:

1. Monsoon wind in the Indian Ocean. Is the thermal wind theory wrong?

2. There are facts confirming that the monsoon winds in the Indian Ocean are caused by the annual cycle of changes in the Earth's gravitational field.

Seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian subcontinent takes place due to pressure differential. ?????

Show the pressure map that forms the monsoon.

There are no pressure gradients in the atmosphere...

Dr Borys Kapochkin thank you for your contribution to the discussion

The central location of India at the head of the Indian Ocean is considered of great significance. The Indian Ocean and Himalaya acts as a strong defense barrier. The Himalayas save our country from the cold and dry winds of Central Asia. They also prevent the monsoon winds of the Indian Ocean from crossing over to Northern countries and cause heavy rainfall in Northern India. The Indian Ocean and the Himalayas play a major role in affecting the monsoon and climate of India. Strong monsoon winds weaken when they interact with marine heat waves in both the western Indian Ocean and northern Bay of Bengal, resulting in dry spells over central India. The heat waves over the Bay of Bengal cause excess rainfall in southern India. It constitutes the core of the large-scale Tropical Warm Pool which, when interacting with the atmosphere, affects the climate both regionally and globally. Asia blocks heat export and prevents the ventilation of the Indian Ocean thermocline. The Himalayas protect India from bitterly cold winds that blow from the north. Thus, India does not experience severe cold during winter. At the beginning of summer, the temperature on the main land increases. Seasonal Reversal of wind direction take place over the Indian subcontinent because in winter there is a high pressure area in north of the Himalayas & there is a low pressure area over the ocean to the south. So cold and dry winds blow from the Himalayan region towards the ocean. The Himalayas block the monsoon winds and confine them to the Indian subcontinent. Without monsoons, India would have been a desert. In India monsoon usually lasts from July to September. 90% of the rainfall in India is due to monsoon. The Indian Ocean and the Himalayan Ranges exert a great influence on the climate of India. India receives 80 per cent of its annual rainfall during the southwest monsoon, aka summer monsoon, between the months of June and September, though the intensity varies from year to year. Due to Himalayas entire India is brought under the sway of moist laden winds for a few months. The Himalayas block the monsoon winds and confine them to the Indian subcontinent. Without monsoons, India would have been a desert. In India monsoon usually lasts from July to September. A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region. Monsoons cause wet and dry seasons throughout much of the tropics. Monsoons are most often associated with the Indian Ocean.

This is an example of a characteristic field of atmospheric pressure (atmospheric pressure gradient is almost absent) and wave height (up to 7 meters) during the summer and winter monsoon in the Indian Ocean. That is, there is no physical reason for the occurrence of wind waves of such a height.

And these are changes in the force of gravity in mm of H2O. The amplitude of the annual harmonic in units of atmospheric pressure reaches 32 hPa. This can cause wind and waves.

I know some features. Explanation in my monograph.