Conceptual frameworks and models usually refer to your substantive theory, not to your methods. For qualitative research, the most common combination of methods is a set of semi-structured interviews, followed by thematic analysis.
A good introduction to qualitative research is the book by Marshall and Rossman, Designing Qualitative Research. For interviewing, see Rubin & Rubin, Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data.
If you would like to follow paths of classic narratives, the phenomenon of loss of fruits and vegetables can be modelled with the structuralists' actantial model by Algirdas Julien Greimas.
The models consists of six "roles" (actants) and relationships between them. The model conceptualizes various forces which are present in classical myths and folklore but a rich spectrum of applications has been developed in which you find analyses of conflicting interests.
The structure of the model is introduced and visualised here: Hebert, Louis. "The actantial model." Signo (2006). http://www.signosemio.com/greimas/actantial-model.asp
Thematic analysis could be an appropriate approach for this problem, and semi-structured interviews can be used to analyze data from different players of supply chain.
consider following articles for conceptualization
Article Discussing the parameters of preservation of perishable good...
Article Loss in Perishable Food Supply Chain: An Optimization Approa...