Which microorganism is most responsible for decomposition of organic matter (OM) after soil is submerged & role of microorganisms in decomposition of O.M.?
Micro-organisms, earthworms and insects help break down crop residues and manures by ingesting them and mixing them with the minerals in the soil, and in the process recycling energy and plant nutrients. Organic matter decomposition serves two functions for the microorganisms, providing energy for growth and supplying carbon for the formation of new cells. Soil organic matter (SOM) is composed of the "living" (microorganisms), the "dead" (fresh residues), and the "very dead" (humus) fractions. However, micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes even though they go unnoticed in compost pile are responsible for most of the organic material breakdown. They are chemical decomposers because they use chemicals in their bodies to break down organic matter.
The most important organisms in the breakdown process are the bacteria. The bacteria present in any given pile are dependent upon the raw material present, amount of air in the pile, moisture conditions of the pile, pile temperature and numerous other factors. Bacteria are responsible for most of the decomposition and heat generation in compost. They are the most nutritionally diverse group of compost organisms, using a broad range of enzymes to chemically break down a variety of organic materials. Decomposition of organic matter in submerged soil is carried out by Bacteria and releases different products like carbon dioxide, energy, water, plant nutrients and resynthesized organic carbon compounds. These may be the macroscopic organisms such as earthworms and nematodes or microorganisms such as fungus, actinomycetes and bacteria. These organisms breakdown the plant material into soil organic matter. Earthworms benefit soil in several different ways. They begin the cycle of decomposition for organic matter. Soils are classified on the basis of their chemical and physical properties. Decomposition of organic matter is the principal process in soils that recycles plant nutrients and produces humus. Soils are classified on the basis of their dominant chemical and physical properties. During the decomposition process, microorganisms convert the carbon structures of fresh residues into transformed carbon products in the soil. There are many different types of organic molecules in soil. Some are simple molecules that have been synthesized directly from plants or other living organisms.
Bacteria are responsible for most of the decomposition and heat generation in compost. They are the most nutritionally diverse group of compost organisms, using a broad range of enzymes to chemically break down a variety of organic materials. Fungi may be regarded as the scavengers who will decompose in soil almost anything of organic nature that bacteria cannot tackle and many of them serve as food for the bacteria. In acid soils, the fungi are the main decomposers of cellulose as under acidic conditions, bacteria and actinomycetes become inactive. The most important organisms in the breakdown process are the bacteria. The bacteria present in any given pile are dependent upon the raw material present, amount of air in the pile, moisture conditions of the pile, pile temperature and numerous other factors. Decomposition of organic matter in submerged soil is carried out by Bacteria and releases different products like carbon dioxide, energy, water, plant nutrients and resynthesized organic carbon compounds. The most abundant type of chemical decomposer in a compost pile is aerobic bacteria. When they break down organic material, they give off heat. Billions of aerobic bacteria working to decompose the organic matter in a compost pile cause the pile to warm up. As the temperature rises, different organisms thrive. Bacteria break down dead organisms, animal waste, and plant litter to obtain nutrients. But microbes don't just eat nature's waste, they recycle it. The process of decomposition releases chemicals that can be used to build new plants and animals. However, micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes even though they go unnoticed in your compost pile–are responsible for most of the organic material breakdown. They are chemical decomposers because they use chemicals in their bodies to break down organic matter.