Considering data acquisition and / or control at ms rate, or even lower. That could replace expensive PC-based acquisition and control systems.
With a friendly IDE, and high resolution ADC and DAC, that can be provided alternatively through ADC and DAC boards connected via SPI / I2C
(My initial thought was the ESP32)
My reccomendation is Arduino Atmega328-16MHz with USB-chip. It is more cotrolled. You can contol it with 10uS stability.
1. ESP lives by it's own life, and it's inernal OS causes unwanted sporadic lags.
2. WiFi-modul periodically transmites powerful RF-signal. This radiation produses interference for low-levels input signals. You needs to turn-Off WiFi when taking Analog Data.
If you want "hard real-time" performance, I'd go for some "Digital Signal Controller". I personally prefer Microchip dsPIC, but NXP MC56F or TI TMS320F2xxx(x) apply as well. These are microcontrollers with DSP extensions with 2-digit MIPS performance. For best performance you'll have to go down to bare metal programming, but all systems offer a lot of support.
As for the IDE: bare metal programming does not exactly offer "nice" IDEs, but they are quite capable.
Add the corresponding debugger and start :)
What's about ZYNQ Board ( i.e : Zybo Digilent) , If you need a scalable system, with Linux / Qt IDE.
Plenty of processing power (ARM9 single or dual core) and FPGA , integrated ADC and/or ADC/DAC modules
You might look at Texas Instrument's offering for the MSP430 family. There is a large offering of processors and peripherals that are fairly straight forward to program. Each processor has a low cost development board offered and the IDE is available.
I'm using and developing data acquisition systems with Atmega328P-16MHz .
You can use an Arduino board (with FTDI chip) or with a USB/Serial converter(CH340) to program it through the IDE.
If you don't have an Arduino board, you can use other programmers like USBasp to program the Atmega328P.
In this case, do not use the direct upload button instead use the upload using programmer options from file menu.
http://www.datasheetspdf.com/datasheet/atmega328p.html
I would heartily recommend the ATmega Atmel micro-controllers. There is a lot of information about them on the net (they are also used in the arduino boards) and the AVR studio software to debug and program there is really great. Most other controllers tend to have different manufacturers making different parts of the "tool chain" the IC; the programmer, the compiler etc.. particularly for the ARM type controllers, and it can be a nightmare trying to get all the parts talking to each other! For ease of interfacing I would recommend combining a microcontroller with an FTDI serial to USB interface, this is a very fast way to get your instrumentation talking to a computer.
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